-
1 κοινός
A common (opp. ἴδιος), not in Hom. (v. ξυνός) ; ἐκ κοινοῦ shared in common, Hes.Op. 723;ἔσται γὰρ βίος ἐκ κ. Ar.Ec. 610
; of a common altar, Simon.140;τὸ τέμενος εἶναι κ. SIG1044.29
(Halic., iv/iii B.C.);κ. ἔρχεται κῦμ' Ἀΐδα Pi.N.7.30
; τρεῖς.. κ. ὄμμ' ἐκτημέναι, of the Gorgons, A.Pr. 795; κ. ὠφέλημα θνητοῖσιν φανείς, of Prometheus, ib. 613;τὰς γυναῖκας εἶναι κοινάς Pl. R. 457d
: prov.,κοινὸν τύχη A.Fr. 389
, cf. Men.Mon. 356;κοινὰ τὰ τῶν φίλων E.Or. 735
(troch.), Pl.Phdr. 279c, Men.9, etc.; κ. Ἑρμῆς 'share the luck', Id.Epit.67, 100; κ. ἀρωγά common aid (i.e. for all), S.Ph. 1145 (lyr.); ἐν δὲ κοινὸς ἀρσένων ἴτω κλαγγά and let the shouts of males rise jointly, Id.Tr. 207 (lyr.);κ. πόλεμον πολεμεῖν X.Hier.2.8
;τὸν ἀέρα τὸν κ. Men.531.8
;κ. τὸν ᾅδην ἔσχον οἱ πάντες βροτοί Id.538.8
;κ. ἀγαθὸν τοῦτ' ἐστί, χρηστὸς εὐτυχῶν Id.791
: c. dat., κ. τινί common to or with another,ὑμῖν φῶς.. καὶ τοῖσδ' ἅπασι κ. A.Ag. 523
;ὁ δαίμων κ. ἦν ἀμφοῖν ἅμα Id.Th. 812
;θάλατταν κ. ἐᾶν τοῖς ἡττημένοις And.3.19
;οἰκία.. κοινοτάτη ἀεὶ τῷ δεομένῳ Id.1.147
; [πολιτεία] τίς κοινοτάτη; Arist.Pol. 1289b14, cf. 1265b29;κοινόν τι χαρᾷ καὶ λύπῃ δάκρυα X.HG7.1.32
;τὸν ἥλιον τὸν κ. ἡμῖν Men.611
: c. gen.,πάντων αἰθὴρ κ. φάος εἱλίσσων A.Pr. 1092
(anap.), cf. Pers. 132 (lyr.), Eu. 109, Pi.N.1.32; κ. τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων τε καὶ Ἀθηναίων shared in by both.., Pl.Mx. 241c, etc.: with Preps., τὸ ἐπὶ πᾶσι κ., v. infr. v;κ. κατ' ἀμφοτέρων A.D.Synt.144.19
;οὐ γίγνεταί μοί τι κ. πρός τινα AP11.141
(Lucill.), cf. Iamb.Myst.5.7; μέρος κ. πρός τινα shared with.., CPR22.11 (ii A.D.), etc.;κ. μεταξύ τινων Stud.Pal.1.7
ii 11 (v A.D.).II in social and political relations, public, general, τὸ κ. ἀγαθόν the common weal, Th.5.90;κ. λόγῳ Id.5.37
, Hdt.1.141; κ. στόλῳ ib. 170;ἀδικήματα D.21.45
;ὁ τῆς πόλεως κ. δήμιος Pl.Lg. 872b
; κοινότατον of public or general interest, ib. 724b, cf. Arist.Rh. 1354b29; of constitutions, popular, free,κοινοτέραν εἶναι τὴν ἐκείνου μοναρχίαν τῆς αὑτῶν δημοκρατίας Isoc.10.36
.2 τὸ κ. the state,τὸ κ. Σπαρτιητέων Hdt.1.67
: abs., of one's own state, Ar.Ec. 208, etc.;τὸ κ. ὠφελεῖται Antipho 3.2.3
, cf. X.Cyr.2.2.20;τὰς ὠφελείας ἅπασιν εἰς τὸ κ. ἀπεδίδου Isoc.10.36
.b esp. of leagues or federations,τὸ κ. τῶν Ἰώνων Hdt.5.109
;τῶν συμμάχων Isoc.14.21
;τῶν Βοιωτῶν SIG457.10
(Thespiae, iii B.C.), Plb.20.6.1 (pl.), etc.; ἄνευ τοῦ πάντων κοινοῦ (sc. τῶν Θεσσαλῶν) Th.4.78; also, of private associations, Test.Epict.1.22, SIG 1113 ([place name] Loryma), al.; of guilds or corporations,τὸ κ. τῶν τεκτόνων POxy.53.2
(iv A.D.); of boards of magistrates, τὸ κ. τῶν ἀρχόντων ib.54.12 (iii A.D.).c the government, public authorities, Th.1.90, 2.12, etc.;τὰ κ. Hdt.3.156
;ἀπαγγεῖλαι ἐπὶ τὰ κ. Th.5.37
; ἀπὸ τοῦ κ. by public authority, Hdt.5.85, 8.135; σὺν τῷ κ. by common consent, Id.9.87.d the public treasury,χρημάτων μεγάλων ἐν τῷ κ. γενομένων Id.7.144
;ἐν τῷ κ. καὶ ἐν τοῖς ίεροῖς Th.6.6
, cf. 17;χρήματα δοῦναι ἐκ τοῦ κ. Hdt.9.87
; ἔχειν ἐν κοινῷ (without the Art.), Th.1.80, cf. Sch.adloc.3 τὰ κ. public affairs: πρὸς τὰ κ. προσελθεῖν, προσιέναι, to enter public life, D. 18.257, Aeschin.1.165; but also, the public money, Ar.Pl. 569, D.8.23 (in full,τὰ κ. χρήματα X.HG6.5.34
, Arist.Pol. 1271b11); τὰ κ. τῆς πόλεως, opp. τὰ ἁγνά, BMus.Inscr.4.481*.383; ἀπὸ κοινοῦ at the public expense, X.An.4.7.27, 5.1.12; , cf. Antiph. 230; ἐκ κ. from common funds, at joint expense, PGrenf.1.21.19 (ii B.C.).III common, ordinary,τὰ κ. εἰδέναι Pl.Ax. 366b
;διὰ τῶν κ. ποιεῖσθαι τὰς πίστεις Arist.Rh. 1355a27
; κοινοτάτη τῶν αἰσθήσεων [ἡ ἁφή] Id.EN 1118b1; τὰ κ. commonplaces, Men.Sam.27, Epit. 309; soκ. τόπος Hermog.Prog.6
, Aphth.Prog.7; ἡ κ. ἔννοια or ἐπίνοια, Plb. 2.62.2, 6.5.2; κ. νοῦς, φρένες, common sense, Phld.Rh.1.37 S., 202 S.; κ. καὶ διήκουσαι κακίαι general and all-pervading vices, Id.Sign.28;κ. καὶ δημώδη ὀνόματα Longin.40.2
;κ. καὶ ἐν μέσῳ κείμενα ὀνόματα D.H.Lys.3
; ἡ κ. διάλεκτος every-day language (free from archaisms and far-fetched expressions), Id.Isoc.2;πεφευγὼς τὸ κ. Phld.Acad. Ind.p.53
M.2 Gramm., ordinary, 'regular' Greek, opp. special dialects, διάλεκτοί εἰσι πέντε, Ἀτθὶς Δωρὶς Αἰολὶς Ἰὰς καὶ κ. Sch.D.T. p.14 H., cf. D.S.1.16, Theodos.Can.p.37 H., etc.; ἡ κ. alone, A.D. Conj.223.24; τὸ κ. ἔθος, ἡ κ. ἐκφορά, Id.Adv.155.10, Pron.4.27; οἱ κ. the writers who use this language, Sch.D.T.p.469 H., EM405.23.c ἡ κ. διάλεκτος demotic Egyptian, Manethoap. J.Ap.1.14.4 in magical formulae, of words added at will by the user, ' and so forth', freq.in Pap., PMag.Osl.1.255, PMag.Par.1.273, al.; κοινὰ ὅσα θέλεις ib.2.53;ὁ κ. λόγος PMag.Lond.46.435
; cf. κοινολογία.IV of Persons, connected by common origin or kindred, esp.of brothers and sisters,κ. σπέρμα Pi.O.7.92
, cf.S.OT 261, OC 535 (lyr.);κ. αἷμα Id.Ant. 202
, cf. 1; κ. πατήρ, μήτηρ, PAmh.2.152.9(v/vi A.D.), PFlor.47.11 (iii A.D.); alsoκ. Χάριτες Pi.O.2.50
.2 one who shares in a thing, partner,ἐν θύμασιν κ. ποεῖσθαί τινα S.OT 240
;κ. ἐν κοινοῖσι λυπεῖσθαι Id.Aj. 267
, cf. Ar.V. 917; also κ. τῷ θεῷ belonging in part to the god (who claims tithe of his substance), Berl.Sitzb.1927.161 ([place name] Cyrene).3 lending a ready ear to all, impartial,μὴ οὐ κ. ἀποβῆτε Th.3.53
; neutral, ib.68; ;μέτριος καὶ κ. Arist.Ath.6.3
; κοινοί, οἱ, arbitrators, GDI1832.10 (Delph.);κ. μεσίτης PStrassb.41.14
(iii A.D.); of a capital city, δεῖ.. κοινὴν εἶναι τῶν τόπων ἁπάντων easily accessible on all sides, Arist.Pol. 1327a6.b courteous, affable, X. Cyn.13.9;κ. ἅπασι γενέσθαι Isoc.5.80
;τῇ πρὸς πάντας φιλανθρωπίᾳ κ. Democh.2
J.;ἔχειν τὰς κ. φρένας Phld.Rh.1.202
S.c in bad sense, κοινή, ἡ, prostitute, Vett.Val.119.30, Porph.Hist.Phil.12 (pl.).d of events, κοινότεραι τύχαι more impartial, i.e. more equal, chances, Th.5.102; ἔστιν ἐν τῷ κ. πᾶσι c. inf., And.2.6.V in Logic, general, universal, τὸ κ. λαμβάνειν περί τινων, τὸ ἐπὶ πᾶσι κ., Pl.Tht. 185b, 185c;τὰ κ. λεγόμενα ἀξιώματα Arist.APo. 76b14
; αἱ κ. ἀρχαί ib. 88a36; κ. ἔννοιαι axioms, heading in Euc.; general,κ. ὅρος Arist.Metaph. 987b6
; κοινὰ καὶ στοιχειώδη general principles, Phld.Rh.1.69S.; κ. σημεῖον, opp. ἴδιον, Id.Sign.14; κ. κρίσις objectively valid judgement, Id.Po.5.22;ὄνομα κ. Str.10.2.10
; abstract,ὁ κ. ἄνθρωπος καὶ λογισμῷ ληπτός Dam.Pr. 341
.VI Gramm.,1 κ. συλλαβή common syllable, capable of being long or short, D.T.633.17, Heph. 1.4.b κ. ποιήματα, poems which are both κατὰ στίχον and συστηματικά, e.g. the Sapphic stanza, Id.pp.58,59 C.; also, poems of ambiguous metrical form, Id.p.60 C.2 v.supr.111.2.3 of gender,κ. γένος D.T.634.19
; of nouns, A.D.Pron.30.7, al., EM143.33, 305.19, etc.4 ἀπὸ κοινοῦ λαμβάνειν, of two clauses taking a word in common, A.D.Synt.122.14, al.; κοινὸν or ἐκ κοινοῦ παραλαμβάνεσθαι, ib.20, 28, al.VII of forbidden meats, common, profane,φαγεῖν κ. καὶ ἀκάθαρτον Act.Ap.10.14
, cf. Ep.Rom.14.14;κ. χερσὶ ἐσθίειν Ev.Marc.7.2
.B Adv. κοινῶς in common, jointly, E. Ion 1462;τὰ κοινὰ κ. δεῖ φέρειν συμπτώματα Men.817
: [comp] Comp., ἐν Κρήτῃ -οτέρως [ἔχει τὰ τῶν συσσιτίων] Arist.Pol. 1272a16.3 sociably, like other citizens,οὐδὲ κ. οὐδὲ πολιτικῶς ἐβίωσαν Isoc.4.151
;ἴσως καὶ κ. πρός τινα προσφέρεσθαι Arist.Rh.Al. 1430a1
;κ. καὶ φιλικῶς Plu.Ant.33
; μετρίως καὶ κ. ὰσπάζεσθαι Id.Arat.43.4 in general, Diph.Siph. ap. Ath. 3.81a; ἡ κ. σύνεσις, τὸ κ. ἄνθρωπον", Phld.Vit.p.34J., Mort.38; opp. ἰδίως, Demetr.Lac.Herc.1014.41, Plu.Marc.8, cf. Longin.15.1;κοινότερον εἰπεῖν Phld.Rh.1.256
S.; - οτέρως Orib.Fr.93.6 in plain language, opp. σοφιστικῶς, Plu.2.659f; in the ordinary or wide sense, opp. κυρίως, Them.in APo.5.5: [comp] Comp., M.Ant. 2.10.II fem. dat. [full] κοινῇ; [dialect] Dor. [full] κοινᾷ SIG56.11 (Argos, v B.C.); [dialect] Boeot. [full] κυνῆ ib.635.31 (Acraeph., ii B.C.):—in common, by common consent, Hdt.1.148, 3.79, S.OT 606, OC 1339, E.Hipp. 731, Th.1.3, etc.;κ. πᾶσι καὶ χωρίς Arist.Pol. 1278b23
, cf. Ath.40.3; κ. μετά τινος, κ. σύν τινι, Pl.Smp. 209c, SIG346.27 (iv B.C.), X.Mem.1.6.14, etc.;ἰδίᾳ τε καὶ κ. Alex.291
: also neut.pl..3 as Prep. c. dat., together with, E. Ion 1228, Hel. 829, Fr. 823.III with Preps., εἰς κοινόν in common, in public,ὑμῖν τῇδέ τ' ἐς κ. φράσω A.Pr. 844
;πᾶσιν ἐς κ. λέγω Id.Eu. 408
, cf.Ar.Av. 457 (lyr.), Pl.Lg. 796e;εἰς κ. γνώμην ἀποφαίνεσθαι D.19.156
; εἰς τὸ κ. λέγειν, ἀγορεύειν, Pl.Tht. 165a, X. An.5.6.27; εἰς τὸ κ. for public use, Pl.Lg. 681c.2 ἀπὸ κοινοῦ, ἐκ κοινοῦ, v.A.1.1, 11.3, VI.4.3 ἀφεῖσαν ἐν κοινῷ ζητεῖν, Lat. rem in medio reliquerunt, Arist.Metaph. 987b14; but οἱ ἐν κ. γιγνόμενοι λόγοι, = οἱ ἐξωτερικοὶ λόγοι, Id.de An. 407b29.4 κατὰ κοινόν, opp. κατ' ἰδίαν, jointly, in common, Lexap.D.21.94, Plb.4.3.5; prob. forκατὰ κοινοῦ Id.11.30.3
. -
2 κοινός
κοινός, ή, όν (s. the numerous cognates that follow this entry; Hes.+) prim. ‘common’ (opp. ἴδιος)① pert. to being of mutual interest or shared collectively, communal, common (so gener. Gk. lit., also LXX; EpArist, Philo, Joseph., SibOr).ⓐ adj. (ὁ κ. πάντων πατήρ Orig., C. Cels. 8, 53, 27) τράπεζα (Diod S 4, 74, 2) Dg 5:7a. πίστις Tit 1:4. σωτηρία (cp. SIG 409, 33f [ca. 275 B.C.]; X., An. 3, 2, 32; Diod S 37, 2, 5; Polyaenus 5, 31) Jd 3. κ. ἐλπίς IEph 21:2; IPhld 5:2; 11:2. κ. ὄνομα (Philo, Abr. 7, Leg. ad Gai. 194) IEph 1:2; εἶχον ἅπαντα κ. they had everything in common (κοινὰ πάντα ἔχειν: Strabo 7, 3, 9.—Diod S 5, 9, 4: the inhabitants of Lipara τὰς οὐσίας κοινὰς ποιησάμενοι καὶ ζῶντες κατὰ συσσίτια=they made their possessions common property and lived acc. to the custom of common meals; Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 30, 168 of the Pythagoreans: κοινὰ πᾶσι πάντα … ἦν, ἴδιον δὲ οὐδεὶς οὐδὲν ἐκέκτητο. Porphyr., Vi. Pyth. 20. The word occurs in a sim. context w. ref. to the Essenes: Philo, Prob. Lib. 85; 86; Jos., Ant. 18, 20, and the Therapeutae: Philo, Vi. Cont. 32; 40; HBraun, Qumran u. d. NT, I, ’66, 43–50. Even Pla., Phdr. 279c κοινὰ τὰ τῶν φίλων) Ac 2:44; cp. 4:32 (cp. 1QS 6:2; for the recurring idea of the “other self” in antiquity s. also Persius, Satires 5, 22f; Horace, Odes 1, 3, 8; 2, 17, 5).—PSchmiedel, Die Gütergemeinschaft der ältesten Christenheit: PM 2, 1898, 367–78; EvDobschütz, Probleme des apost. Zeitalters 1904, 39ff; JBehm, Kommunismus im Urchristentum: NKZ 31, 1920, 275–97; KLake: Beginn. I/5, ’33, 140–51; Haenchen ad loc. (lit.). κοινῆς εἰκαιότητος καὶ ἀπάτης of general silliness and deceit Dg 4:6—Of body and spirit ἀμφότερα κ. ἐστιν both are in communion = belong together, cannot be separated Hs 5, 7, 4.ⓑ subst. τὸ κοινόν what is (in) common τὸ κ. τῆς ἐλπίδος the common ground of hope 1 Cl 51:1.—τὸ κ. the society, the community (to designate all those who belong to a given group: POxy 53, 2 τὸ κ. τῶν τεκτόνων; 84, 3; Jos., Vi. 65; Orig., C. Cels. 1, 31, 26; Hippol., Ref. 9, 19, 1) διακονία εἰς τὸ κ. service for the (Christian) community IPhld 1:1. Also the common treasury (Appian, Iber. 8, §31 τὸ κ.=the state treasury) of slaves ἐλευθεροῦσθαι ἀπὸ τοῦ κ. to be freed at the expense of the common treasury (i.e. of the Christian community) IPol 4:3 (cp. X., An. 4, 7, 27; 5, 1, 12 ἀπὸ κοινοῦ=at state expense; Jos., Vi. 297 ἐκ τοῦ κ.; 298).ⓒ adv. κοινῇ together, collectively (Soph., Thu.+; ins; PMagd 29, 2; LXX; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 70; 2, 166; Just., A I, 67, 5 and 7) IEph 20:2; ISm 12:2 (both in contrast to κατʼ ἄνδρα [‘man for man’, ‘individually’], as SIG 1073, 18); 7:2 (opp. κατʼ ἰδίαν, as Diod S 11, 24, 4; Dio Chrys. 34 [51], 9; SIG 630, 15 (restored rdg.); 2 Macc 9:26). τὸ κοινῇ συμφέρον the common good B 4:10.② pert. to being of little value because of being common, common, ordinary, profaneⓐ in a general sense (cp. Alcman [VII B.C.], Fgm. 49 D.2 τὰ κοινά of that which ordinary people eat, in contrast to those of more refined tastes; Plut., Mor. 751b καλὸν γὰρ ἡ φιλία καὶ ἀστεῖον, ἡ δὲ ἡδονὴ κοινὸν καὶ ἀνελεύθερον [Ltzm., Hdb. on Ro 14:14]; cp. 1 Macc 1:47, 62; EpArist 315=Jos., Ant. 12, 112 κοινοὶ ἄνθρωποι; 13, 4; Iren. 4, 18, 5 [Harv. II 206, 11]). κ. ἡγεῖσθαί τι consider someth. ordinary Hb 10:29, unless this belongs in 2b.ⓑ specifically, of that which is ceremonially impure: Rv 21:27. χεῖρες (ceremon.) impure Mk 7:2, 5 (MSmith, Tannaitic Parall. to the Gosp. ’51, 31f); οὐδὲν κ. διʼ ἑαυτοῦ nothing is unclean of itself Ro 14:14a; cp. bc of this same vs. οὐδέποτε ἔφαγον πᾶν κ. καὶ ἀκάθαρτον I have never eaten anything common or unclean (1 Macc 1:62) Ac 10:14; cp. vs. 28; 11:8 (CHouse, Andrews University Seminary Studies 21, ’83, 143–53); GJs 6:1 (s. deStrycker). Hb 10:29, s. 2a.—Dg 5:7b (see κοίτη 1b).—B. 1365. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
3 κοινωνία
κοινωνία, ας, ἡ (s. prec. entry; Pind.+; ins, pap, LXX; JosAs 7:6 cod. A; Philo [Mos. 1, 158 of communion w. God]; Joseph.; loanw. in rabb.; Just.; Tat. 18, 2; Ath.; Iren. 4, 18, 5 [Harv. II 205, 4] w. ἕνωσις).① close association involving mutual interests and sharing, association, communion, fellowship, close relationship (hence a favorite expr. for the marital relationship as the most intimate betw. human beings Isocr. 3, 40; BGU 1051, 9 [I A.D.]; 1052, 7; POxy 1473, 33; 3 Macc 4:6; Jos., Ant. 1, 304; Did., Gen 235, 18. But s. also Diod S 10, 8, 2 ἡ τοῦ βίου κ.=the common type or bond of life that unites the Pythagoreans) τινός with or to someone (Amphis Com. [IV B.C.] 20, 3; Herodian 1, 10, 1; τοῦ θεοῦ Orig., C. Cels. 3, 56, 6); hence there is linguistic warrant to transl.: κ. τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ fellowship with God’s Son 1 Cor 1:9 (s. 4 below) and κ. τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος fellowship w. the Holy Spirit 2 Cor 13:13 (so JSickenberger comm. [Bonnerbibel 1919; 4th ed. ’32] ad loc. in the Trinitarian sense but s. WKümmel, appendix to HLtzm. comm. [Hdb]). Others take the latter gen. as a subjective gen. or gen. of quality fellowship brought about by the Holy Spirit (APlummer, w. reservations, comm. 2 Cor [ICC] et al.; TSchmidt, D. Leib Christi 1919, 135; s. 4 below). Corresp. κ. πνεύματος fellowship w. the Spirit Phil 2:1 (Synes., Prov. 1, 15 p. 108c κ. γνώμης=community of will and s. 2 below).—κοινωνία(ν ἔχειν) μετά τινος ( have) fellowship w. someone (cp. Job 34:8) w. God 1J 1:3b, 6 (cp. Epict. 2, 19, 27 περὶ τῆς πρὸς τὸν Δία κοινωνίας βουλευόμενον; Jos., Bell. 7, 264, C. Ap. 1, 35 [both πρός w. acc.]); w. fellow Christians vss. 3a, 7. εἴς τι (POxf 5f) ἡ κ. εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον close relationship w. the gospel Phil 1:5. ηὐδόκησαν κ. τινὰ ποιήσασθαι εἰς τοὺς πτωχούς they have undertaken to establish a rather close relation w. the poor Ro 15:26 (sim. GPeterman, Make a Contribution or Establish Fellowship: NTS 40, ’94, 457–63; but some prefer 3 below).—κ. πρός w. acc. connection with, relation to (Pla., Symp. 188c; Galen, Protr. 9 p. 28, 7 J.; SIG 646, 54 [170 B.C.]; Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 110 τίς οὖν κοινωνία πρὸς Ἀπόλλωνα τῷ μηδὲν οἰκεῖον ἐπιτετηδευκότι; cp. Jos., C. Ap. 2, 208; τοῦ πατρὸς πρὸς τὸν υἱὸν κ. Ath. 12, 2; πρὸς τὸ θειότερον κ. Orig., C. Cels. 3, 28, 47) τίς κ. φωτὶ πρὸς σκότος; what does darkness have in common with light? 2 Cor 6:14 (cp. Sir 13:2, 17f; Aristoph., Thes. 140 τίς κατόπτρου καὶ ξίφους κοινωνία;).—Abs. fellowship, (harmonious) unity (Hippol., Ref. 9, 12, 26) Ac 2:42 (s. JFitzmyer, PSchubert Festschr. ’66, 242–44 [Acts-Qumran] suggests that ‘community of goods’ [יחד] may be meant here, as 1QS 1, 11–13; 6, 17. On the problem of this term s. HBraun, Qumran u. d. NT, I, ’66; 143–50; s. also ACarr, The Fellowship of Ac 2:42 and Cognate Words: Exp. 8th ser., 5, 1913, 458ff). δεξιὰς κοινωνίας διδόναι τινί give someone the right hand of fellowship Gal 2:9 (JSampley, Pauline Partnership in Christ ’80, argues for a legal notion of ‘consensual societas’ but s. New Docs 3, 19).—κ. also has the concrete mng. society, brotherhood as a closely knit majority, naturally belonging together: Maximus Tyr. 15, 4b τί ἐστὶν τὸ τῆς κοινωνίας συμβόλαιον; what is the contribution (i.e., of the philosopher) to the community or (human) society? 16, 2m δημώδεις κοινωνίαι=meetings of the common people.—On ancient clubs and associations s. Poland; also JWaltzing, Étude historique sur les corporations professionnelles chez les Romaine, 4 vols. 1895–1900; EZiebarth, Das griechische Vereinswesen 1896.② attitude of good will that manifests an interest in a close relationship, generosity, fellow-feeling, altruism (Epict. in Stob. 43 Sch. χρηστότητι κοινωνίας; Arrian, Anab. 7, 11, 9 κ. beside ὁμόνοια; Herm. Wr. 13, 9 [opp. πλεονεξία]) ἁπλότης τῆς κ. εἴς τινα 2 Cor 9:13. W. εὐποιί̈α Hb 13:16. The context permits this mng. also Phil 2:1 (s. 1 above). The transition to the next mng. is easy.③ abstr. for concr. sign of fellowship, proof of brotherly unity, even gift, contribution (Lev 5:21; ins of Asia Minor: κ.=‘subsidy’ [Rdm.2 10]) Ro 15:26 (s. 1 above). Under this head we may perh. classify κοινωνία τ. αἵματος (σώματος) τοῦ Χριστοῦ a means for attaining a close relationship with the blood (body) of Christ 1 Cor 10:16ab (s. 4 below).④ participation, sharing τινός in someth. (Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 67 §306 κ. τῶν παρόντων=in the present undertakings; 5, 71 §299 κ. τῆς ἀρχῆς in the rule; Polyaenus 6, 7, 2 κ. τοῦ μιάσματος in the foul deed; Maximus Tyr. 19, 3b τῆς ἀρετῆς; Synes., Kgdm. 13 p. 12c. κ. τῶν ἔργων=in the deeds of others; Wsd 8:18; Jos., Ant. 2, 62) ὅπως ἡ κ. τῆς πίστεώς σου ἐνεργὴς γένηται that your participation in the faith may be made known through your deeds Phlm 6. γνῶναι κοινωνίαν παθημάτων αὐτοῦ become aware of sharing his sufferings Phil 3:10. ἡ κ. τῆς διακονίας τῆς εἰς τοὺς ἁγίους taking part in the relief of God’s people 2 Cor 8:4. Perh. this is the place for 1 Cor 1:9 (s. 1 above); 2 Cor 13:13 ( participation in the Holy Spirit: Ltzm., Kümmel in appendix to Ltzm. comm., Windisch, Seesemann [s. below] 70; Goodsp., Probs. 169f; s. 1 above.—Cp. τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος κ. of ecstasy Did., Gen. 230, 16); 1 Cor 10:16 (participation in the blood [body] of Christ. So ASchlatter, Pls der Bote Jesu ’34, 295f et al.; s. 3 above. But perh. here κοινωνία w. gen. means the common possession or enjoyment of someth. [Diod S 8, 5, 1 ἀγελῶν κ.= of the flocks; Maximus Tyr. 19, 3b ἐπὶ κοινωνίᾳ τῆς ἀρετῆς=for the common possession of excellence; Diog. L. 7, 124; Synes., Kgdm. 20 p. 24b; Hierocles 6, 428: we are to choose the best man as friend and unite ourselves with him πρὸς τὴν τῶν ἀρετῶν κοινωνίαν=for the common possession or enjoyment of virtues; 7, 429 τῶν καλῶν τὴν κ.]. Then 1 Cor 10:16 would be: Do not the cup and the bread mean the common partaking of the body and blood of Christ? After all, we all partake of one and the same bread). Eph 3:9 v.l. (for οἰκονομία)—JCampbell, Κοινωνία and Its Cognates in the NT: JBL 51, ’32, 352–80; EGroenewald, Κοινωνία (gemeenskap) bij Pls, diss. Amst. ’32; HSeesemann, D. Begriff Κοινωνία im NT ’33; PEndenburg, Koinoonia … bij de Grieken in den klass. tijd ’37; HFord, The NT Conception of Fellowship: Shane Quarterly 6, ’45, 188–215; GJourdan, Κοινωνία in 1 Cor 10:16: JBL 67, ’48, 111–24; KNickle, The Collection, A Study in Paul’s Strategy, ’66.—EDNT additional bibl. S. also RAC IX 1100–1145.—DELG s.v. κοινός. M-M. TW. Sv. -
4 τίθημι
Aτιθεῖς Pi.P.8.11
, S.Ph. 992 cod. B ( τιθείς LA rec.), E.Cyc. 545 codd. Lp (- θείς P, l), Alc. codd. pler., corrupted to Stob., Arr.Epict.3.22.76, Pl.Euthd. 301e ([etym.] ἐπι-), Lib. Or.46.28 ([etym.] προς-) ; ἐν-τιθεῖς (v.l. -εὶς) Ar.Eq. 717;περι-τιθεῖς BGU 1141.19
(i B.C.); but τίθης is found in Pl.R.l.c. codd. AD, Ar. l.c. cod. A, Lib.Or.27.11 ([etym.] προς-), etc., and is taught by Choerob. in Theod. 2.328 H.; [dialect] Ep.τίθησθα Od.9.404
, 24.476, and so in [dialect] Aeol., Alc.Supp.4.27 (τίθεισθα Hsch.
); [ per.] 3sg.τίθησι Il.4.83
, al., and [dialect] Att.; [dialect] Dor. (Megara, iv B.C.), Theoc.3.48; [ per.] 3pl.τιθέασι Th.5.96
, Alex.128; [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion.τιθεῖσι Il.16.262
, Hes.Th. 597, Hdt.2.91 (also A.Ag. 466 (lyr.)); [dialect] Aeol. τίθεισι ([etym.] προ-) Schwyzer 631 A 2 (ii B.C.); [dialect] Dor.τίθεντι IG12(3).103.10
([place name] Nisvrus); [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3sg.τιθεῖ Il.13.732
, Mimn.1.6, Hdt. 1.113, also Arc., SIG559.16 (Megalop., iii B.C. ) (τιθῶ Luc.Ocyp.43
,81, διατιθῶ cited by A.D.Synt.290.6): [tense] impf. ; , Ar.Nu.59 ([etym.] ἐν-), etc.;ἐτίθει Il.18.541
, al., Ar.Ach. 532, Nu. 63 ([etym.] προς-), etc., [dialect] Ep.τίθει Il.1.441
, al.; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl.τίθεσαν Od.22.456
;τίθεν Pi.P.3.65
;πρό-τιθεν Od.1.112
(Aristarch.); lateἐτίθουν Act.Ap.4.35
; [dialect] Ion. [tense] impf. τίθεσκον Hes Fr.112; ἐτίθεα ([etym.] ὑπερ-) Hdt.3.155: imper.τίθει Il.1.509
, etc.; inf. τιθέναι, not in Hom. or Hes.; [dialect] Ep.τιθήμεναι Il.23.83
; , Pi.P.1.40;τιθεῖν Thgn.286
, IG12(9).189.5 ([place name] Eretria); written (Phrygia, iv A.D.); part. τιθείς, but [dialect] Ion. pl. τιθεῦντες v.l. in Hdt.2.91: [tense] fut. θήσω, [dialect] Ep. inf.θησέμεναι Il.12.35
,θησέμεν Pi.P.10.58
: [tense] aor.1 ἔθηκα, only used in indic., and mostly in sg., for though [ per.] 3pl. is common, the 1 and [ per.] 2pl. are rare, X.Mem.4.2.15, ([etym.] ἀν-) Hyp.Eux.9; even ἔθηκαν is very rare in early Attic,ἀνέθηκαν IG2.1620d
, 22.2971 (both iv B.C.), but is found in Plb.8.4.4, etc.; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl.θῆκαν Il.24.795
, etc.: [tense] aor. 2 ἔθην, not used in indic. sg., whereas pl. is very common, ἔθεμεν, ἔθετε, ἔθεσαν, [dialect] Ep.θέσαν 12.29
, etc.; imper. , etc.; [dialect] Lacon. [ per.] 3sg. σέτω ib. 1081; subj. θῶ, [dialect] Aeol. and [dialect] Ion.θέω Sapph.12
, ([etym.] προς-) Hdt.1.108, [dialect] Ep.θείω Il.16.83
, al. (for Θή-ω); [dialect] Ep. 2 and [ per.] 3sg. θήῃς, θήῃ, 6.432, 16.96, Od.10.301, 341 (sts. with the opt. forms θείης, θείη as v.l.); [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 1pl. θέωμεν (disyll.) 24.485, θείομεν (for Θήο-μεν, short-vowel subjunctive) Il.23.244, Od.13.364; opt. θείην, [ per.] 1pl.θεῖμεν 12.347
, Pl.Prt. 343e ( θείημεν codd. BT),προς-θεῖμεν Id.R. 370d
, andκατα-θεῖτε D.14.27
; [ per.] 3pl. ; inf. θεῖναι, [dialect] Ep.θέμεναι Il.2.285
,θέμεν Od.21.3
, Hes.Op.61,67; [dialect] Dor.θέμειν IG 12(1).677.13
(Rhodes, iv B.C.); part.θείς Il.23.254
, etc.: [tense] pf. τέθηκα [dialect] Att. Inscrr., IG22.2490.7 (iv B.C.), ([etym.] ἀνα-) ib.839.38, 1299.44, 1534.76, also at Delos, ib.11(2).161 A6 (iii B.C.), etc., and in Papyri, POxy. 1087.42 (i B.C.); (iii B.C.), ([etym.] ὑπο-) PPetr.3p.53 (iii B.C.), ([etym.] ἐκ-) UPZ62.4 (ii B.C.), ([etym.] ἀνα-) IG22.1011.71,80 (ii B.C.), ([etym.] προς-) Str.1.2.23; hence some editors restore τέθηκα for τέθεικα in Attic authors, as X.Mem.4.4.19, D.20.55, 22.16, 27.36, Alex.15.13; Phocian [ per.] 3pl.ἀνα-τεθέκαντι BCH59.202
([place name] Daulis):—[voice] Med. τίθεμαι, [ per.] 2sg. ; τίθη or τίθῃ dub. in PTeb.768.9 (ii B.C.); as [voice] Pass., AP11.300 (Pall.); imper. , Pl. Sph. 237b, , [dialect] Dor. τίθευσο cj. in AP9.564 (Nic., τιθεύσω cod., τίθεσσο Plan., cf. ἀφίκευσο); [dialect] Ep. part.τιθήμενος Il.10.34
: [tense] fut.θήσομαι 24.402
, etc.: [tense] aor. 1 ἒθηκάμην, only in indic. and part., and never in [dialect] Att.; [ per.] 2sg.ἐθήκαο Theoc.29.18
; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg.θήκατο Il.10.31
, Hes.Sc. 128; part.θηκάμενος Thgn.1150
, Pi.P.4.29: [tense] aor. 2ἐθέμην Il.2.750
, etc.; [dialect] Ep. and Lyr. [ per.] 3sg.θέτο 10.149
, Pi.N.10.89; imper.θέο Od. 10.333
, ; subj. , etc.; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 2sg.θῆαι Od. 19.403
; opt. , etc.; [ per.] 3sg.θεῖτο Od.17.225
, A.Pr. 527 (lyr.), Pl.Tht. 195c, etc. (πρός-θοιτο, -θοισθε, ἔν-θοιτο are found in D. 11.6, 21.188, 34.17, butπρος-θεῖτο Id.6.12
codd.; ἐπιθοίμεθα, -θοιντο, Th.6.34,11; cf.τιθοῖτο X.Mem.3.8.10
): [tense] pf. (v. infr.):—[voice] Pass. (Milet., v B.C.), Pl.Lg. 705e, 744a: [tense] fut. , Pl.Lg. 730b, D.24.17: [tense] aor. , Lys.31.28, etc. (ἐθέθην IG14.862
(Cumae, vi B.C.)): [tense] pf. τέθειμαι, rare in early Gr., LXX 1 Ki.9.24, Ev.Marc.15.47, ([etym.] προς-) Arist.Mech. 853a35; inf. codd. (but f.l.); part.τεθειμένος Demad.12
, ([etym.] προ-) X.Hier.9.11, ([etym.] δια-) Men.591; also used in med. sense, D.21.49, SIG705.17 (Delph., ii B.C.), BGU1735.11 (i B.C.), Luc.Somn.9, ([etym.] ἐν-) D.34.16, ([etym.] προ-) Supp.Epigr.7.62.6 (Seleucia Pieria, ii B.C.), ([etym.] συν-) OGI229.62 (Smyrna, iii B.C.); ὑπεκ-τεθημένος (sic) BCH54.269 (Rhamnus, iii B.C.); ἀνα-τέθηται (pass. sense) Phld.Mus.p.81 K.; Phocian [tense] pf. part. (med. sense)ἀνα-τεθεμένος BCH59.202
([place name] Daulis):— the [voice] Pass. never occurs in Hom., and is generally rare, κεῖμαι being used instead.A in local sense, set, put, place,λίθον Il.21.405
, cf. IG12.373.10, al.;θεμείλια Il.12.29
; τέρματα τ. Od.8.193; κλισίην, θρόνον τ. τινί, set a stool or chair for him, 4.123, 8.65 (so in [voice] Med., set for oneself,δίφρον 20.387
);ἐκελήσατο θέμεν τὰν κλίναν, ἐφ' ἇς τὰν Σωστράταν ἔφερον
lay down,IG
42(1).122.31 (Epid., iv B.C.); πόδα τ. plant the foot, i.e. walk, run, A.Eu. 294, E.IT32: so in [voice] Med., τετράποδος βάσιν θηρὸς τιθέμενος, i.e. going on all fours, Id.Hec. 1059 (lyr.): the mode is expressed by Advbs. or Preps.,a with Advbs., τ. τι πυρὸς ἐγγύς, ἀπάνευθε πυρός, Od.14.518, Il.18.412;προπάροιθε ποδῶν 20.324
;χαμαὶ τ. τὸν πόδα A.Ag. 906
; τὰ ἄνω κάτω and τὰ κάτω ἄνω τ. Hdt.3.3, cf. A.Eu. 651, etc.: with Advbs. implying motion,ἄλλοσε θῆκε Od.23.184
, 204;ἔχεις.. ὅποι θήσεις Pl.R. 479c
:—[voice] Med.,ὅποι.. τιθοῖτο X.Mem.3.8.10
.b with Preps. of local sense, ([voice] Med.,ἀμφ' ὤμοισι τιθήμενον ἔντεα Il.10.34
); ἀνά τινι or τι, asἂμ βωμοῖσι Il.8.441
;ἀνὰ μυρίκην 10.466
; ἐπί τινος, τινι, or τι, asεἵματα ἐπ' ἀπήνης Od.6.252
, cf. Il.16.223, etc.;ἐπὶ κρατὶ κυνέην 15.480
; (v. infr.111.2); ἐπὶ [θρόνον τὰ ἱμάτια] Hdt.1.9, cf. A.Supp. 483, etc.; τὴν ἀρχὴν (sc. τοῦ ἐπιδέσμου) κατὰ μεσοφρύου, ἐπὶ ἰνίον, etc., Sor.Fasc.1,2, al.; ὑπό τινι or τι, asδέμνι' ὑπ' αἰθούσῃ Il.24.644
;ἀμβροσίην ὑπὸ ῥῖνά τινι Od.4.445
: most freq. with the Preps. ἐν or εἰς, put in or put into.., asθῆκεν ἐν ἀκμοθέτῳ ἄκμονα Il.18.476
;τόξα ἐν πυρί 5.215
;ἐν κίστῃ ἐδωδήν Od.6.76
; ἐν λεχέεσσι θ. [τινά] Il.18.352 (so in [voice] Med., ἐς δίφρον ἄρνας θέτο put into the car, 3.310;ὁ θεὸς ἔθετο τὰ μέλη ἐν τῷ σώματι 1 Ep.Cor.12.18
); ἐς λάρνακα, ἐς κάπετον, Il.24.795, 797; ([voice] Med.,ἐν τάφοισι θέσθε Id.OC 1410
), cf. Ant. 504, Tr. 1254.c in Poets also with dat. only,χρήματα μυχῷ ἄντρου Od.13.364
(so in [voice] Med.,κολεῷ ἄορ θέο 10.333
), cf. S.Tr. 691, E.Hel. 1064.--The same constructions will be found under many of the following heads.II Special phrases:1 θεῖναί τινί τι ἐν χερσίν, ἐν χειρί, put it in his hands, Il.1.441, 585, etc.; ἐν χερσί orχείρεσσί τινος 6.482
, 23.597;οἶνον Ὀδυσσῆϊ ἐν χείρεσσι Od.14.448
; ἐς χεῖρά τινος into his hand, S.Aj. 751.2 of women, θέσθαι παῖδα, υἱὸν ὑπὸ ζώνῃ, to have a child put under her girdle, i.e. to conceive, h.Ven. 255, 282.3 ἐν ὄμμασι θέσθαι set before one's eyes, Pi.N.8.43.5 θέσθαι τὴν ψῆφον lay one's voting-pebble on the altar, put it into the urn, : hence simply, give one's vote, ἐπὶ φόνῳ for death, E.Or. 756 (troch.); ἑωυτῷ in one's own favour, Hdt.8.123;σὺν τῷ νόμῳ X.Cyr.1.3.17
; εὔφρονα, δικαίαν τὴν ψῆφον τ., A.Supp. 640 (lyr.), Lycurg.128, etc.; and in [voice] Pass., : also γνώμην θέσθαι, c. inf., give one's opinion, Hdt.7.82;περὶ ἡμῶν And.3.21
: τίθεσθαι abs., vote, codd. (anap., γνώμην Lambinus), Hld.2.29;μετά τινος A.Supp. 644
(lyr.);ἐναντία τινί Pl.Phlb. 58b
; τινι S.E.P.2.37 codd., Lib.Decl.1.65.6 in Hom., θεῖναί τινί τι ἐν στήθεσσι, ἐν φρεσί, etc., put or plant it in his heart,ἐν στήθεσσι τιθεῖ νόον Il.13.732
; βουλὴν ἐν στήθεσσι τ. 17.470;ἔπος ἐν φρεσί 19.121
, al.; alsoμένος δέ οἱ ἐν φρεσὶ θῆκε 21.145
:—[voice] Med., ἄγριον ἐν στήθεσσι θέτο θυμόν laid up wrath in his heart, treasured it there, 9.629; ; τοῖσιν κότον αἰνὸν ἔθεσθε harboured enmity against them, 8.449;καθαρὸν θέμενος νόον Thgn.89
;θέμενος ἄγναμπτον νόον A.Pr. 164
(lyr.); ἐνὶ φρεσὶ θέσθαι, c. inf., bear in mind, think of doing a thing, Od.4.729;θ. [τι] ἐν καρδίᾳ Ev.Luc. 1.66
.7 deposit, as in a bank,τὰ πρυτανεῖα πρὸς τοὺς ἄρχοντας IG12.22.33
; ;ἐνέχυρον τιθέναι τι Ar.Pl. 451
, cf. Ec. 755, D.41.11, PEnteux.32.7 (iii B.C.), etc.:—[voice] Med., .ά, cf. Od.13.207;τὴν τιμὴν θήσονται ἐπὶ τὴν τράπεζαν, ἕως.. PCair.Zen.723.11
(iii B.C.);ἐγγύην θέσθαι A.Eu. 898
;συνθήκας παρά τινι Lycurg.23
:—[voice] Pass.,τὰ ληφθέντα καὶ τὰ τεθεντα D.49.5
(but [voice] Act. and [voice] Med. are sts. distd., ὁ θείς the mortgagor, ὁ θέμενος the mortgagee, , cf. Hyp.Fr. 169, D.53.10; τίθεσθαι seems to have the same meaning as ὑποτίθεσθαι in IG22.43.41, 2758.4, 12(7).55.12 (Arcesine, iv/iii B.C.), but the two are distd. in Supp.Epigr.3.760 (Euboea, iv B.C.)): metaph., χάριν or χάριτα θέσθαι τινί deposit a claim for favour with one, lay an obligation on one, Hdt.9.60, 107, cf. A.Pr. 783, etc.8 pay down, pay, τόκον, εἰσφοράν, μετοίκιον, D.41.9, 22.43, 29.3;τὸ γιγνόμενον Id.18.104
;τὸν πριάμενον ἑκατοστὴν τιθέναι τῆς τιμῆς Thphr.Fr.97.1
;τὴν τιμήν PRev.Laws 18.13
(iii B.C.);τὰ μέρη PCair.Zen.218.33
(iii B.C.); [τὰς δραχμὰς] εἰς ἀνήλωμα τοῦ πλοίου ib.753.64 (iii B.C.):—[voice] Med.,θέμενος ἀρραβῶνα PFlor.303.3
(vi A.D.).b place to account, reckon, D.27.34,36, 28.13;θήσω εἰς δύο παῖδας χιλίας δραχμὰς ἑκάστου ἐνιαυτοῦ Lys.32.28
, cf. ib.21:—metaph. in [voice] Med., ; τἀγαθὰ ἐς ἀμφίβολον ἀσφαλῶς ἔθεντο reckoned as doubtful, Th.4.18.10 in military language, τίθεσθαι or θέσθαι τὰ ὅπλα has four senses,a rest arms, i.e. halt, with arms in an easy position but ready for action, Th.4.44,93, 7.3; θέμενοι ἐς τὴν ἀγορὰν τὰ ὅπλα advancing to the market-place and resting arms there, Id.2.2, cf. Hdt.9.52, X.An.1.5.14, 17, 1.6.4, etc.; εἰς τάξιν τὰ ὅπλα τ. ib.2.2.21, 5.4.11; so ἐν τάξει ib.2.2.8; ἀντία τισί over against them, Hdt.5.74 (in 1.62 ἀντία ἔθεντο τὰ ὅπλα over against it (the temple)); poet., πάτρας ἕνεκα εἰς δῆριν ἔθεντο ὅπλα Inscr. ap. D.18.289.b bear arms, fight,τὸ θυμοειδὲς.. ἐν τῇ τῆς ψυχῆς στάσει τίθεσθαι τὰ ὅπλα πρὸς τὸ λογιστικόν Pl.R. 440e
;τοῦ δήμου.. παρακαλοῦντος τοὺς στρατιώτας τίθεσθαι πρὸς τὴν πόλιν IG22.666.10
;ὃς ἂν μὴ θῆται τὰ ὅπλα μηδὲ μεθ' ἑτέρων Arist.Ath.8.5
, cf. Lys.31.14, D.21.145; so ὁπόσοιπερ ἂν ὅπλα ἱππικὰ ἢ πεζικὰ τιθῶνται who serve on horseback or on foot, Pl.Lg. 753b, cf. 756a;ἐν ταῖς ναυσὶ τὰ ὅπλα θέσθαι Plu.Cim.5
.c lay down one's arms, surrender, D.S.20.31,45; so, without the idea of surrender, θέσθαι τὰς ἀσπίδας X.HG2.4.12 (but [voice] Act.,τὰ ὅπλα θείς Plu.2.759a
).d τὰ ὅπλα εὖ τίθεσθε keep your arms in good order, X.Cyr.4.5.3;εὖ ἀσπίδα θέσθω Il.2.382
.II lay in the grave, bury, (freq. with words added, ἐν τάφοισι, ἐς ταφάς, etc., v. supr. 1 b); ποῦ σφε θήσομεν χθονός; A.Th. 1006 (lyr.):— [voice] Pass.,τὰ δὲ ὀστᾶ φασι.. τεθῆναι.. ἐν τῇ Ἀττικῇ Th.1.138
, cf. Pl.Mx. 242c, Lg. 947e;ἄλλῳ δὲ μηδενὶ ἐξεῖναι ἐν τῷ πυργίσκῳ τεθῆναι μετὰ τὸ ἐνταφῆναι αὐτήν· ἐπεὶ ὁ θείς τινα ἀσεβὴς ἔστω θεοῖς καταχθονίοις TAM 2(1).51
([place name] Telmessus), cf. 55, al., AJP48.30 ([place name] Apamea), Supp.Epigr. 6.221 ([place name] Phrygia), etc.III set up, of the prizes in games,ἄεθλα Il.23.263
, etc.; ἀέθλιον ib. 748; (so in [voice] Pass., τὰ τιθέμενα the prizes, D.61.25); also with the object offered as the prize, τ. δέπας, βοῦν, σόλον, etc., Il.23.656, 750, 826, al., cf. Hdt. 1.144, S.Aj. 573:—this is more fully expressed by ἐς μέσσον τ., Il.23.704: after Hom. more generally, lay before people as common property, ; ; so alsoτ. τι εἰς τὸ κοινὸν X.Mem.3.14.1
; reading and sense are doubtful in A.Ch. 145.2 set up in a temple, dedicate,ἀγάλματα Od.12.347
;τάσδε.. θεοῖς ἀσπίδας ἔθηκε E.Ph. 576
; so perh. Il.6.92 (v. supr. 1b).IV assign, award,τιμήν τινι Il.24.57
;ὄνομά τινι Pl.Sph. 244d
: esp. in [voice] Med., ὄνομα (or οὔνομα) θέσθαι τινί give a child a name at one's own discretion, Od.18.5, 19.406 (in 19.403 with v.l. θείης), Hdt.1.107, 113, cf. E.Ph.13: ellipt., withoutὄνομα, ᾧ δὴ ἀθροίς ματι ἄνθρωπόν τε τίθενται καὶ λίθον Pl.Tht. 157b
, cf. Cra. 402b: pleonast., .V τιθέναι νόμον down or give a law, of a legislator, S.El. 580, E.Alc.57, Ar.Ach. 532, Pl.R. 339c, D.24.99, etc.:—so in [voice] Med., of Solon, Hdt.1.29; of a people, state, or legislature, give oneself a law, make a law, Pl.R. 338e, Isoc.3.6, Arist. Pol. 1289a14 ([voice] Pass.,τίθεται νόμος Ar.Nu. 1425
, Pl.Lg. 705e, 744a; τιμωρίαι.. ἐτέθησαν ib. 943d); alsoθήσω θεσμόν A.Eu. 484
;κήρυγμα θεῖναι S.Ant.8
; σκῆψιν τιθέναι allege an excuse, Id.El. 584: c. acc. et inf., order matters so that.., [ὁ Λυκοῦργος] ἔθηκε θύειν βασιλέα πρὸ τῆς πόλεως τὰ δημόσια ἅπαντα X.Lac.15.2
, cf. 1.5, 2.11; without inf., : c. dat. et inf.,γυναιξὶ σωφρονεῖν.. θήσει Id.Tr. 1057
.2 [voice] Med., agree upon,ἡμέραν θέσθαι D.42.1
,13; so θ. συγγραφήν, ὁμολογίαν, σύμβολόν τινι, etc., PEleph. 2.16 (iii B.C.), PGoodsp.Cair. 6ii 2 (ii B.C.), PRein.11.9 (ii B.C.), etc.3 execute a document. τ. διαθήκην make a will, Stud.Pal.1.6.3 (v A.D.): so in [voice] Med., PSI10.1119.16 (ii A.D.); θέσθαι τινὸς ἀπαρχήν make out a person's birth-certificate, ib.9.1067.15 (iii B.C.), etc.VI establish, institute, , cf. X.An.1.2.10; ἐν τοῖς ἀγώνοις οἷς ἁ πόλις τίφητι (sic) Delph.3(3).120.17 (ii B.C.);πενταετηρίδα Pi.O.3.21
.VII dispose, order, ordain, bring to pass, of gods,οὕτω νῦν Ζεὺς θείη Od.8.465
, 15.180;ὣς ἄο' ἔμελλον θησέμεναι Il.12.35
; [Ζεὺς] τίθησ' ὅπῃ θέλει Semon.1.2
; τὰ δ' ἄλλα πάντ' ἄνω τε καὶ κάτω στρέφων τίθησιν (sc. Ζεύς) A.Eu. 651; πάντα παγκάκως θεοὶ θέσαν cj. in Id.Pers. 283 (lyr.);τέλος δ' ἔθηκε Ζεὺς.. καλῶς S.Tr. 26
; κόσμῳ θέντες, as etym. of θεοί, Hdt.2.52; of human beings, administer, manage, [τι] κακῶς θέμεν, εὖ θέμεν, Thgn.845, 846;τὰ δ' ἄλλα φροντὶς.. θήσει δικαίως A.Ag. 913
; ἐγὼ καὶ σὺ θήσομεν κρατοῦντε τῶνδε δωμάτων καλῶς ib. 1673 (troch.);ταῦτ' ἐγὼ θήσω καλῶς E.Hipp. 521
, cf. Andr. 737;τὰ παρ' ὑμῶν εὖ τίθει Ar.Lys. 243
;τ. τὰ τῶν φίλων ἀσφαλῶς X.Ages.11.12
; :—[voice] Med., administer for oneself,οἶκον εὖ θέσθαι Hes.Op.23
;ἄνδρας σοφοὺς χρὴ τὸ παρὸν πρᾶγμα καλῶς εἰς δύναμιν τίθεσθαι Cratin. 172
(lyr.), cf. D.23.134, Anon.ap Suid.s.v. τίθεσθαι, Hsch.s.v.τὸ παρὸν εὖ τίθεσο; ἐν ἀπόρῳ εἴχοντο θέσθαι τὸ παρόν Th.1.25
; τὸ παρὸν εὖ θέσθαι make the best of one's resources or situation, Luc.Nec.21, M. Ant.6.2, cf. Aristid.2.35 J.; ;τὰ παρόντα θέσθαι καλῶς Ach.Tat.5.11
;τὰ σεωυτοῦ τιθέμενος εὖ Hdt.7.236
;τὰ οἰκεῖα εὖ θέμενον Pl.R. 443d
; ;τὰ πάντα ὅπως ἂν αὐτῇ ἡδὺ ᾖ οὕτως τίθεσθαι X.Mem.1.4.17
;εἰ μὴ θήσομαι τἄμ' ὡς ἄριστα E.Andr. 378
;τὸ σαυτοῦ θέμενος εὖ Id.IT 1003
, cf. Ba.49, HF 605, 938, Hipp. 709, Dionys.Eleg.1.5;τὰ πρὶν εὖ θέμενος S.El. 1434
; συνετῶν ἀνδρῶν (sc. εἶναι), πρὶν γενέσθαι τὰ δυσχερῆ, προνοῆσαι ὅπως μὴ γένηται· ἀνδρείων δέ, γενόμενα εὖ θέσθαι Pittac.
ap. D.L.1.78; τὸ κοινῶς φοβερὸν ἅπαντας εὖ θέσθαι that all should face the common danger, Th.4.61; of wars, quarrels, etc., bring them to a successful issue, but sts. put a good face on them, patch them up,ἕως ἂν τὸν πόλεμον εὖ θῶνται Id.8.84
;θήσονται τὸν πόλεμον ᾗ βούλονται Id.1.31
; πόλεμον ἀραμένους οὐ ῥᾴδιον εὐπρεπῶς θέσθαι ib.82;ὅτῳ τρόπῳ.. τὸ σφέτερον ἀπρεπὲς εὖ θήσονται Id.6.11
; ;τὸν τρὸς τοὺς Ἐλευσῖνι πόλεμον ὡς μετρίως ἔθεντο Pl.Mx. 243e
; ἄμεινον ἢ τότε ἐθέμεθα τὸν πόλεμον ib. 245e; : abs.,θέσθαι καλῶς S.Fr. 350
:—pass.,εἰ τεθήσεται κατὰ νοῦν τὰ πράγματα Th.4.120
.2 in the game of πεττεία, κυβεία, Lat. tesserae (cf. Ter.Adelph.739), to place as skilfully as possible the pieces which have been assigned to one by the luck of the dice,πεττείᾳ τινὶ ἔοικεν ὁ βίος, καὶ δεῖ ὥσπερ ψῆφόν τινα τίθεσθαι τὸ συμβαῖνον Socr.
ap. Stob.4.56.39;ὥσπερ ἐν πτώσει κύβων πρὸς τὰ πεπτωκότα τίθεσθαι τὰ αὑτοῦ πράγματα ὅπῃ ὁ λόγος αἱρεῖ βέλτιστ' ἂν ἔχειν Pl.R. 604c
, cf. Plu.Pyrrh.26;στέργειν δὲ τἀκπεσόντα καὶ θέσθαι πρέπει σοφὸν κυβευτήν S.Fr. 947
; τὰ δεσποτῶν γὰρ εὖ πεσόντα θήσομαι I will take advantage of my master's good luck, A.Ag.32: many of the passages cited in A. v11. I may be metaph. applications of this sense.B put in a certain state or condition, much the same as ποιεῖν, ποιεῖσθαι, and so often to be rendered by our make:I folld. by an attributive Subst., make one something, with the predicate in apposition, θεῖναί τινα αἰχμητήν, ἱέρειαν, μάντιν, etc., Il.1.290, 6.300, Od.15.253, etc.;θ. τινὰ ἀρχέπολιν Pi.P.9.54
; θεῖναί τινα ἄλοχόν τινος make her another's wife, of a third person who negotiates a marriage, Il.19.298 (for [voice] Med., v. infr. 3); ἥτε με τοῖον ἔθηκεν ὅπως ἐθέλει who has made me such as she will, Od.16.208; σῦς ἔθηκας ἑταίρους thou hast made my comrades swine, 10.338; so [νῆα] λᾶαν ἔθηκε 13.163
, cf. Il.2.319, etc.;ἕως ἂν θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου ὑποπόδιον LXX Ps.109(110).1
; but γέλων ἔθηκε συνδείπνοις caused them laughter, E. Ion 1172; λόγους εἰς μέτρα τ. put them into verse, Pl. Lg. 669d.2 with an Adj. for the attributive, θεῖναί τινα ἀθάνατον καὶ ἀγήρων make him undying and undecaying, Od.5.136; πηρόν, τυφλόν, ἀφνειὸν τ. τινά, Il.2.599, 6.139, 9.483;τὸν μὲν.. θῆκε μείζονά τ' εἰσιδέειν καὶ πάσσονα Od.6.229
, cf. 18.195, Pl.Prt. 344d.b of things, ἅλιον πόνον, πόνον οὐκ ἀτέλεστον, πάντα μεταμώνια, Il.4.26,57, 363;ὄλεθρον ἀπευθέα θῆκε Κρονίων Od.3.88
, cf. 11.274;ἀποίητον θέμεν ἔργων τέλος Pi.O.2.17
;ἀρὰν τ. ἀλαθῆ A.Th. 944
(lyr.); ἀναστάτους οἴκους τ. S.Ant. 674; ; τὸ πραχθὲν ἀγένητον τ. Pl.Prt. 324b.3 freq. in [voice] Med., γυναῖκα or ἄκοιτιν θέσθαι τινά make her one's wife, Od.21.72, 316, B.5.169; παῖδα τὸν αὑτᾶς πόσιν θ. take her own son as husband, A.Th. 929 (lyr.).b υἱὸν θέσθαι τινά, like ποιεῖσθαι, make one's son, adopt, Pl.Lg. 929c, etc.: abs., θέσθαι τινά adopt, Plu.Aem.5.c generally,προσφιλῆ θέσθαι τινά S.Ph. 532
; but φίλον ἐμαυτῷ θ. deem my friend, Id.Ant. 188; γέλωτα θέσθαι τινά make him one's butt, Hdt.3.29, 7.209.4 c. inf., make one do so and so, τιθέναι τινὰ νικᾶσαι make him conquer, Pi.N.10.48 (dub.);μετατραπεῖν Id.Fr. 177
; (lyr.), cf. 1036, 1174 (lyr.), E.Med. 718, Heracl. 990, etc.II in reference to mental action, when [voice] Med. is more freq. than [voice] Act., lay down. assume, hold, reckon or regard as.., τί δ' ἐλέγχεα ταῦτα τίθεσθε; Od.21.333; (lyr.); , cf. 430b ([voice] Med.); θὲς δή μοι.. now suppose so and so, Id.Tht. 191c;εὐεργέτημά τι θεῖναι D.1.10
; withὡς, θέντες ὡς ὑπάρχον εἶναι ὃ βούλονται Pl.R. 458a
, cf. Phd. 100a;μὴ τοῦτο ὡς ἀδίκημα θῇς D.18.193
.2 folld. by Advbs., ποῦ χρὴ τίθεσθαι ταῦτα; in what light must we regard these things? S.Ph. 451; οὐδαμοῦ τιθέναι τι hold of no account, E.Andr. 210; πρόσθεν or ἐπίπροσθέν τινος τιθέναι τι, Id.Hec. 129 (anap.), Supp. 515; πόρρω τίθεσθαί τί τινων set far below.., D.18.299.3 folld. by Preps.,τ. τινὰ ἐν φιλοσόφοις Pl.R. 475d
;ἐν τοῖς φίλοις X.Mem.2.4.4
; also εἰς ὁποτέραν (of two classes) Pl.Sph. 264c; εἰς τὸν δῆμον, εἰς τοὺς πλουσίους, X.Mem.4.2.39; alsoοὐκ ἐν λόγῳ τίθεσθαί τινα Tyrt.12.1
;ἐν τιμῇ τίθεσθαί τινα Hdt.3.3
;ἐν αἰτίῃ τιθέναι τινά Id.8.99
; ἐν οἰωνῷ τινι τοῦ μέλλοντος, ἐν ἐπαίνῳ, ἐν γέλωτι τίθεσθαι, Plu.Alex.31, Cat.Ma.20, TG17; θέσθαι παρ' οὐδέν set at naught, A.Ag. 230 (lyr.), E.IT 732, cf. Pl.Phdr. 252a (but (i B.C.), Supp.Epigr.7.1.6 (Susa, i A.D., Epist.Artabani));ἐν παρέργῳ θοῦ με S.Ph. 473
; πάντα ταῦτ' ἐν εὐχερεῖ ἔθου ib. 876;ταῦτ' ἐν αἰσχρῷ θέμενος E. Hec. 806
;ἐν ἀδικήματι θέσθαι τι Th.1.35
;ἐν ἀδικήματος μέρει τιθέναι τι D.23.148
; θέσθαι τὰ δίκαια ἔκ τινος estimate them by.., Id.8.8.4 c. partit. gen., ἐμὲ θὲς τῶν πεπεις μένων put me down as one of the convinced, Pl.R. 424c, cf. 376e, 437b; τῆς ἡμετέρας ἀμελείας ἄν τις θείη might reckon it as due to our carelessness, D.1.10.5 c. inf., οὐ τίθημ' ἐγὼ ζῆν τοῦτον I hold not that he lives, count him not as living, S.Ant. 1166: so in [voice] Med., Pl.Phd. 93c, D. 25.43,44: rarely c. part., θήσω ἀδικοῦντα [αὐτόν] Id.23.76, cf. Pl. Prt. 343e, Ap. 27c.6 elliptically, lay down, assume, θῶμεν δύο εἴδη (sc. εἶναι) Id.Phd. 79a, etc.; θήσω οὕτω (sc. εἶναί τι) D.23.85, cf. Arist.Pol. 1290a30.7 affirm, opp. αἴρω (deny), τὸ ἐπέκεινα ὄντος οὐ τόδε λέγει- οὐ γὰρ τίθησιν-- the phrase 'beyond being' does not denote a 'this' (for it is not an affirmation), Plot.5.5.6.C without any attributive word following, make, work, execute, of an artist,ἐν δ' ἐτίθει νειόν Il.18.541
, cf. 550, 561, 607; [δόρπον] θησέμεναι Od.20.394
.2 make, cause, bring to pass,ἔργα Il.3.321
;τ. κέλαδον καὶ ἀϋτήν 9.547
;ὀρυμαγδόν Od.9.235
;ἔριν μετ' ἀμφοτέροισιν 3.136
; φιλότητα, ὅρκια μετ' ἀμφ., Il.4.83, Od.24.546: c. dat. pers.,σῆμα τιθεὶς Τρώεσσι Il.8.171
; , etc.;πᾶσι δ' ἔθηκε πόνον 21.524
, cf. 15.721, 16.262; 6, etc.;χάρματ' ἄλλοις ἔθηκεν Pi.O.2.99
;πόλει κατασκαφὰς θέντες A. Th.47
;εἰρήνην φίλοις Id.Pers. 769
;αἷμα θήσεις E.Ba. 837
(s. v.l.).3 freq. in [voice] Med., make or prepare for oneself, θέσθαι κέλευθον make oneself a road, open a way, Il.12.418;θέτο δῶμα Od.15.241
; τίθεντο δὲ δαῖτα, δόρπα, Il.7.475, 9.88 (but δαῖτα τίθενται are holding a feast, Od.17.269); μεγάλην ἐπιγουνίδα θέσθαι to make oneself, get a large thigh, Od.17.225; θέσθαι μάχην engage in.., Il.24.402; ; ἱδρῶτα τίθεσθαι have an access of perspiration, Hp.Decent.2; μαρτύρια θέσθαι produce as testimony, Hdt.8.55; ἀνδρὸς αἰδοίου πρόσοψιν θηκάμενος putting on the aspect of a reverend man, Pi.P.4.29, cf. Hsch. s.v. θήκατο; πόνον πλέω τίθου work thyself the more annoy, A.Eu. 226;εὐκλεᾶ θέσθαι βίον S.Ph. 1422
, etc.4 periphr. for a single Verb. μνηστήρων σκέδασιν θεῖναι make a scattering, Od.1.116; θέμεν κρυφόν, νέμεσιν, αἶνον, for κρύπτειν, νεμεσῦν, αἰνεῖν, Pi.O.2.97, 8.86, N.1.5;μὴ σχολὴν τίθει A. Ag. 1059
; ὑμῖν ἔθηκε σὺν θεοῖς σωτηρίαν (v.l. προμηθίαν) E.Med. 915:— also in [voice] Med., θέσθαι μάχην, for μάχεσθαι, Il.24.402; θέσθαι θυσίαν, γάμον, for θύειν, γαμεῖσθαι, Pi.O.7.42, 13.53; σπουδήν, πρόνοιαν θέσθαι, S.Aj.13, 536, cf. Pi.P.4.276;θ. ἐπιστροφὴν πρό τινος S.OT 134
;περὶ τούτων οἰκονομίας PEnteux.22.6
(iii B.C.); and c. gen., θ. λησμοσύναν, συγγνωμοσύνην τινῶν, S.Ant. 151 (lyr.), Tr. 1265 (anap.). (Cf. Lith. dēti 'lay (eggs, etc.)', Skt. dáti 'lay down, place', Lat. -do in con-do, etc., Engl. do, doom.) -
5 ὄχλος
ὄχλος, ου, ὁ (Pind., Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX; TestJob 24:10; TestJud 7:1; ApcrEzk [Epiph. 70, 8]; EpArist, Philo, Joseph.; Ath. 1, 4; on relation of ὄχλος to ὀχλέω s. MMeier-Brüjger, Glotta 71, ’93, 28 [basic idea: a ‘pile’ that requires a ‘heap’ of workers, but s. DELG and Frisk s.v. ὄχλος]; loanw. in rabb.—In the NT only in the gospels [in Mk most freq. in sg. in contrast to Mt and Lk, s. RBorger, TRu 52, ’87, 28], Ac, and Rv).① a relatively large number of people gathered together, crowdⓐ a casual gathering of large numbers of people without reference to classification crowd, throng Mt 9:23, 25; 15:35; Mk 2:4 (s. DDaube, ET 50, ’38, 138f); 3:9; Lk 5:1; J 5:13; 6:22; Ac 14:14; 21:34f and oft.; AcPl Ha 5, 11. τὶς ἐκ τοῦ ὄχλου someone from the crowd Lk 12:13; cp. 11:27. ἀνὴρ ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄχ. 9:38. τινὲς τῶν Φαρισαίων ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄχλου some of the Pharisees in the crowd 19:39. ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄχλου away from the crowd Mk 7:17, 33. οὐκ ἠδύνατο ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄχλου he could not because of the crowd Lk 19:3 (s. ἀπό 5a). οὐ μετὰ ὄχλου without a crowd (present) Ac 24:18 (cp. vs. 12). This is equivalent in mng. to ἄτερ ὄχλου (s. ἄτερ) when there was no crowd present Lk 22:6 (s. WLarfeld, Die ntl. Evangelien nach ihrer Eigenart 1925, 190), unless ὄχ. means disturbance (Hdt.+) here (so Goodsp.). ἐν τῷ θεάτρῳ μετὰ τοῦ ὄχλου AcPl Ha 1, 24.—πᾶς ὁ ὄχλος (Aelian, VH 2, 6) the whole crowd, all the people Mt 13:2b; Mk 2:13; 4:1b; 9:15; Lk 13:17; Ac 21:27; MPol 9:2; 16:1. Also ὅλος ὁ ὄχλος AcPl Ha 4, 35.—πολὺς ὄχ. (Jos., Vi. 133; 277) Mt 14:14; Mk 6:34. ὄχ. πολύς (Cebes 1, 2; IG IV2/1, 123, 25; several times LXX) Mt 20:29; Mk 5:21, 24; 9:14; Lk 8:4; J 6:2. ὁ πολὺς ὄχ. Mk 12:37. ὁ ὄχ. πολύς J 12:9, 12.—ὄχ. ἱκανός a considerable throng Mk 10:46; Lk 7:12; Ac 11:24, 26; cp. 19:26. ὄχ. τοσοῦτος Mt 15:33. ὁ πλεῖστος ὄχ. the great throng or greater part of the crowd 21:8 (the verb in the pl. with a collective noun as Memnon [I B.C./I A.D.]: 434 Fgm. 1, 28, 6 Jac. εἷλον … ἡ Ῥωμαίων δύναμις. Cp. B-D-F §134, 1). Cp. Mk 4:1a. τὸ πλεῖον μέρος τοῦ ὄχ. the greater part of the throng Hs 8, 1, 16; τὸ πλῆθος τοῦ ὄχ. 9, 4, 4; αἱ μυριάδες τοῦ ὄχ. the crowd in myriads Lk 12:1.—The pl. is common in Mt, Lk, and Ac (acc. to later usage: X., Mem. 3, 7, 5; Dionys. Hal.; Ael. Aristid. 34, 47 K.=50 p. 564 D.; Jos., Ant. 6, 25 al. Schwyzer II 43; cp. Mussies 71 and 85) οἱ ὄχλοι the crowds, the people (the latter plainly Posidon.: 87 Fgm. 36, 51 Jac. συλλαλήσαντες αὑτοῖς οἱ ὄχ.; Diod S 1, 36, 10; 1, 83, 8 ἐν ταῖς τῶν ὄχλων ψυχαῖς; 1, 72, 5 μυριάδες τῶν ὄχλων; 4, 42, 3; 14, 7, 2 ὄχλων πλῆθος=a crowd of people; 36, 15, 2 οἱ κατὰ τὴν πόλιν ὄχλοι=the people in the city; Artem. 1, 51 p. 59, 13 Pack; Vi. Aesopi G 124 P; Ps.-Aeschines, Ep. 10, 4 ἡμεῖς ἅμα τ. ἄλλοις ὄχλοις; Ps.-Demetr., Form. Ep. p. 7, 11; OGI 383, 151 [I B.C.]; Jos., Ant. 9, 3) Mt 5:1; 7:28; 9:8, 33, 36 and oft. Lk 3:7, 10; 4:42; 5:3; 8:42, 45 and oft. Ac 8:6; 13:45; 14:11, 13, 18f; 17:13. Mk only 6:33 v.l. J only 7:12a (v.l. ἐν τῷ ὄχλῳ). MPol 13:1. Without art. Mk 10:1 (on the textual problem RBorger, TRu 52, ’87, 28); ὄχ. πολλοί (s. πολύς 2aαב) Mt 4:25; 8:1; 12:15; 13:2a; 15:30; 19:2; Lk 5:15; 14:25. πάντες οἱ ὄχ. Mt 12:23.—A linguistic parallel to the pl. ὄχλοι and a parallel to the type of political maneuvering in Mk 15:15 (ὁ Πιλᾶτος βουλόμενος τῷ ὄχλῳ τὸ ἱκανὸν ποιῆσαι ἀπέλυσεν αὐτοῖς τὸν Βαραββᾶν καὶ παρέδωκεν τὸν Ἰησοῦν φραγελλώσας ἵνα σταυρωθῇ) is offered by PFlor 61, 59ff [85 A.D.], where, according to the court record, G. Septimius Vegetus says to a certain Phibion: ἄξιος μὲν ἦς μαστιγωθῆναι … χαρίζομαι δέ σε τοῖς ὄχλοις (s. Dssm., LO 229 [LAE 266f], and on the favor of the ὄχλοι PGM 36, 275).ⓑ a gathering of people that bears some distinguishing characteristic or status.α. a large number of people of relatively low status the (common) people, populace (PJoüon, RSR 27, ’37, 618f) in contrast to the rulers: Mt 14:5; 15:10; 21:26; Mk 11:18, 32 (v.l. λαόν, q.v. 2); 12:12. Likew. the pl. οἱ ὄχ. (EpArist 271) Mt 21:46. The lower classes (X., Cyr. 2, 2, 21, Hier. 2, 3 al.) ἐπίστασις ὄχλου a disturbance among the people Ac 24:12. Contemptuously rabble J 7:49 (Bultmann ad loc. [w. lit.]).β. a group or company of people with common interests or of distinctive status a large number (company, throng), w. gen. (Eur., Iph. A. 191 ἵππων al.; Jos., Ant. 3, 66; Ath, 1, 4 ὄχλον ἐγκλημάτων) ὄχ. τελωνῶν a crowd of tax-collectors Lk 5:29. ὄχ. μαθητῶν 6:17. ὄχ. ὀνομάτων Ac 1:15. ὄχ. τῶν ἱερέων 6:7② a large mass of people, without ref. to status or circumstances leading to its composition, horde, mass pl. ὄχλοι as a synonym beside λαοί and ἔθνη Rv 17:15 (cp. Da 3:4).—VHunter, Thucydides and the Sociology of the Crowd: ClJ 84, ’88, 17–30, esp. 17 n. 5 (lit. on study of crowds); WCarter, CBQ 55, ’93, 56 n. 9 (lit. on sociological perspective).—B. 929. DELG. M-M. TW. -
6 λαός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `(the common) folk, crowd, military, people', in the NT esp. `the Jewish people', pl. `the military, men, subjects, serfs', also `the laity' (LXX); in sing. `follower' (Hecat. 23J.); on use and spread amply Björck Alpha impurum 318ff. (Il., Dor., hell).Dialectal forms: Myc. rawaketa \/lāwāgetās\/ cf. Chantraine Études 88m. n. 1Compounds: Many old compp.: ΛαϜο-πτόλεμος, Ϝιό-λαϜος (Cor.), λαγέτας m. `leader of the people' (Pi.) from λᾱϜ-ᾱγετᾱς, Λα-έρ-της s.v., λαο-σσόος `urging the men' (Hom.; s. σεύω), λαο-, λεω-φόρος `carrying the people, publicly', of streets, as subst. `road' (Il.), Μενέλαος (Il.), - λεως Att. (Björck 104 ff.), a.o.; on the compounds Fick-Bechtel PN 184ff., and Björck l.c.Derivatives: Few derivv. (partly because of the synonymous δῆμος, partly because of the homonymous forms of λᾱ̃ας): 1. λαϊκός `of the people, common' (hell.). 2. λαώδης `popular' (Ph., Plu.). 3. Λήϊτος PN (Il.), λήϊτον n. (on the very rare suffix - ιτο- Schwyzer 504) `townhall' with the Achaeans (Hdt., Plu. with Ion.- Att. form for) λάϊτον τὸ ἀρχεῖον, λαΐτων τῶν δημοσίων τόπων H.; beside it a.o λῃ̃τον (cod. λῃτόν) δημόσιον, ληΐτη, οἱ δε λῄτη (cod. λῃτή) ἱέρεια; cf. λαιετόν `townhall' (Su.) [strange]. λειτόν βλάσφημον H. (correct?); Fur. 238 n. 45 objects that - ιτο- is a Pre-Greek suffix, ib. 163, 187. Deriv. ληιτιαί ἡγεμονίαι, στρατιαί H. (Scheller Oxytonierung 91).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [00] *leh₂-u̯o- `(fighting) people'Etymology: As adj. 1.member in λῃτουργέω ( λειτ-) `fulfill a public office on private means, provide a (public, ecclesiastical) service' with λῃτουργ-ία ( λειτ-) `state-, service, Liturgie' (Att.), - ός, - ημα etc. (hell.), comp. *ληϊτο-Ϝεργ-έω to *λήϊτα ἔργα, cf. δημιουργέω, - ός (s.v.); also λῄτ-αρχος m. `public priest' (Lyc. 991). - Cf. also λείτωρ. Like thr Germ. word for `people', OHG liut, OE lēod, λᾱ(Ϝ)ός was origin. an (abstracte) collective; to it came the plur. λᾱ(Ϝ)οί as liuti, lēode ' Leute', to which again the sing. ληός `follower' as liut `man', cf. Schwyzer-Debrunner 42 n. 3, Wackernagel Synt. 1,92 f. - Otherwise than with the synonymous δῆμος and στρατός, λᾱ(Ϝ)ός, which was in Ion.-Att. never quite a thome, has no IE. etymologie, but was nevertheless old. (Not to λᾶας.) Mostly connected with Hitt. lah̯h̯a- `campaign' (Sturtevanr Lang. 7 (1931) 120; Tischler, Heth. etym. Glossar 5, 8). - In Maced.-Epir. PN Δρεβελαου v. Blumenthal IF 49, 181ff. finds an Illyr. pendant of Gr. Τρεφέλεως (further a PN Lava).Page in Frisk: 2,83-84Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λαός
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7 ἀνήρ
ἀνήρ, ἀνδρός, ὁ (Hom.+, common in all the mngs. known to our lit.) a male person① an adult human male, man, husbandⓐ in contrast to woman man (Pla., Gorg. 514e; X., Hell. 4, 5, 5 et al.) Mt 14:21; 15:38; Mk 6:44; Lk 9:14; J 1:13; Ac 4:4; 8:3, 12; 1 Cor 11:3, 7ff; Hm 5, 2, 2; 6, 2, 7; 12, 2, 1 al. Hence ἄνδρα γινώσκειν (יָדְעָה אִישׁ Gen 19:8; Judg 11:39) of a woman have sexual intercourse w. a man Lk 1:34 (cp. Just., D. 78, 3 ἀπὸ συνουσίας ἀνδρός). Esp. husband (Hom. et al.; Diod S 2, 8, 6; Sir 4:10; Jos., Ant. 18, 149; Ar. 12, 2; Fgm. Milne p. 74 ln. 3; Just., A II, 2, 5ff; for this shift from the general to the specific cp. our ‘that’s her man’, ‘my man’) Mt 1:16, 19; Mk 10:2, 12; Lk 2:36; J 4:16ff; Ac 5:9f; Ro 7:2f (Sb 8010, 21 [pap I A.D.] μέχρι οὗ ἐὰν συνέρχωμαι ἑτέρῳ ἀνδρί; PLond V, 1731, 16 [VI A.D.] κολλᾶσθαι ἑτέρῳ ἀνδρί); 1 Cor 7:2ff, 10ff; 14:35; Gal 4:27; Eph 5:22ff; Col 3:18f; 1 Ti 3:2, 12; 5:9; Tit 1:6 (on the four last ref. εἷς 2b, the comm. and JFischer, Weidenauer Studien 1, 1906, 177–226; comparison w. non-Christian sources in J-BFrey, Signification des termes μονάνδρα et Univira: RSR 20, 1930, 48–60; GDelling, Pls’ Stellung z. Frau u. Ehe ’31, 136ff; BEaston, Past. Epistles, ’47, 216ff; WSchulze, Kerygma und Dogma [Göttingen] 4, ’58, 287–300) 2:5; 1 Pt 3:1, 5, 7; Hm 4, 1, 4ff; 1 Cl 6:3; Pol 4:2; AcPl Ha 4, 5.—1 Ti 2:12 (cp. Ocellus Luc. c. 49: the wife wishes ἄρχειν τοῦ ἀνδρὸς παρὰ τὸν τῆς φύσεως νόμον). Even a bridegroom can be so called (cp. אִישׁ Dt 22:23) ὡς νύμφην κεκοσμημένην τῷ ἀνδρὶ αὐτῆς Rv 21:2. Freq. in address, esp. in formal assemblies: ἄνδρες men, gentlemen (X., An. 1, 4, 14; 1 Esdr 3:18; 4:14, 34) Ac 14:15; 19:25; 27:10, 21, 25. ἄνδρες ἀδελφοί (my esteemed) brothers (4 Macc 8:19; cp. X., An. 1, 6, 6 ἄ. φίλοι) Ac 15:7, 13; 23:1, 6; 28:17; 1 Cl 14:1; 37:1; 43:4; 62:1. AcPl Ha 6, 18; 7, 13; 8:9. ἀ. ἀδελφοὶ καὶ πατέρες Ac 7:2. Of soldiers (1 Macc 5:17; 16:15) οἱ ἄ. οἱ συνέχοντες αὐτόν the men who were holding him Lk 22:63.—In Ac 17:34 ἀνήρ appears to = ἄνθρωπος, but the term was probably chosen in anticipation of the contrasting γυνή (is Damaris the wife of one of the men?).ⓑ in contrast to boy (Tob 1:9; but ἀ. of a child IK VII/2, 14) ὅτε γέγονα ἀ. when I became a man 1 Cor 13:11. ἀ. τέλειος a full-grown man (X., Cyr. 1, 2, 4) Eph 4:13; in sense of maturity w. ethical component perfect Js 3:2 (s. 1dα).ⓒ used w. a word indicating national or local origin, calling attention to a single individual, or even individualizing the pl.; hence in address (X., An. 1, 7, 3 ὦ ἄ. Ἕλληνες; Jdth 4:9; 15:13; 1 Macc 2:23); the sg. is omitted in transl., the pl. rendered men, gentlemen (in direct address = esteemed people) of a certain place: ἀνὴρ Αἰθίοψ Ac 8:27 (X., An. 1, 8, 1 ἀ. Πέρσης; Palaeph. 5; Maximus Tyr. 5, 1a ἄ. Φρύξ; Tat. 6, 1 Βηρωσσὸς ἀ. Βαβυλώνιος); ἄ. Ἀθηναῖοι (Lysias 6, 8) 17:22; ἄ. Γαλιλαῖοι 1:11; ἄ. Ἐφέσιοι 19:35; AcPl Ha 1, 24; ἀ. Ἰουδαῖος Ac 10:28; ἄ. Ἰουδαῖοι (Jos., Ant. 11, 169) 2:14; ἄ. Ἰσραηλῖται (Jos., Ant. 3, 189) 2:22 (cp. vs. 22b of Jesus, in an adroit rhetorical ploy); 5:35; 13:16; 21:28; ἄ. Κορίνθιοι AcPlCor 2:26; ἄ. Κύπριοι καὶ Κυρηναῖοι Ac 11:20; ἀ. Μακεδών 16:9. (Cp. B-D-F §242.)ⓓ with focus on personal characteristics, either pos. or neg.α. used w. adj.: ἀ. ἀγαθός Ac 11:24; ἀ. ἀγαθὸς καὶ δίκαιος Lk 23:50 (cp. ἀνδραγαθία Aeschin., C. Ctesiph. 42 al.; δεδοκιμασμένοι ἄ. 1 Cl 44:2; cp. Tat. 38, 1 ἄ. δοκιμώτατος; δίκαιος Hm 4, 1, 3; 11, 9, 13f; δίκαιος καὶ ἅγιος Mk 6:20; ἀ. δίψυχος, ἀκατάστατος Js 1:8; ἀ. ἐλλόγιμος 1 Cl 44:3; ἀ. ἔνδοξος Hv 5:1; ἀ. εὐλαβής Ac 8:2; 22:12; ἀ. λόγιος 18:24; ἀ. μεμαρτυρημένος IPhld 11:1; ἀ. πιστὸς καὶ ἐλλογιμώτατος 1 Cl 62:3; ξένος AcPl Ox 6, 11 (= Aa I 241, 14); ἀ. πονηρός Ac 17:5 (PsSol 12:1f); ἀ. πραΰς D 15:1; ἀ. συνετός Ac 13:7 (Just., D. 2, 6); ἀ. φρόνιμος Mt 7:24; ἀ. μωρός vs. 26. ἀ. χρυσοδακτύλιος someone with gold rings on the fingers (satirical=‘Mr. Gold Rings’) Js 2:2. τέλειος ἀ. 3:2 (s. 1b).—Oft. in circumlocutions for nouns, somet. pleonastic (like Heb. אִישׁ) οἱ ἄ. τοῦ τόπου (Gen 26:7) the local residents Mt 14:35. ἀ. πλήρης λέπρας= a leper (in serious condition) Lk 5:12; ἀ. πλήρης πίστεως Ac 6:5, 11:24. ἀ. ἁμαρτωλός (Sir 12:14; 27:30 al.) a sinner Lk 5:8; 19:7.—In noun combinations (Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 12 p. 371a ἀ. μάγος; Chion, Ep. 14, 4 ἀ. δεσπότης; Maximus Tyr. 19, 2a ποιμὴν ἀ.) ἀ. προφήτης (Judg 6:8) a prophet 24:19. ἀ. πρεσβύτης (s. πρεσβύτης) MPol 7:2.β. w. special emphasis on courage or endurance, an aspect w. strong Homeric color (Hom. et al.; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 1, 16 p. 17, 2 [opp. ἄνθρωποι real ‘men’ in contrast to mere ‘people’]) of the apostles 1 Cl 6:1.—AcPl Ha 1, 25; 28.② equiv. to τὶς someone, a person (Theognis 1, 199 Diehl2; X., Cyr. 2, 2, 22; Sir 27:7) Lk 9:38; 19:2; J 1:30; Ro 4:8 (Ps 32:2). Pl. some people (1 Macc 12:1; 13:34; Just., D. 108, 2 al.) Lk 5:18; Ac 6:11. ἀνήρ τις Lk 8:27; Ac 10:1. ἀνὴρ ὅς Lat. is qui (like אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר; cp. 1 Macc 7:7; PsSol 6:1; 10:1 and as early as Pind., P. 9, 87 ἀνήρ τις, ὸ̔ς …); Js 1:12. οἱ κατʼ ἄνδρα (Dio Chrys. 15 [32], 6; cp. κατʼ ἄνδρα καὶ οἶκον PsSol 9:5) man for man, individually IEph 4:2 (of presbyters, but s. JKleist, note ad loc., rank and file); 20:2; ITr 13:2; ISm 5:1; 12:2; IPol 1:3.ⓐ a figure of a man of heavenly beings who resemble men (SibOr 3, 137 the Titans are so called; Just., D.56, 5 [s. Gen. 18:2], 10 ἐν ἰδέᾳ ἀνδρός) GPt 9:36; 10:39.ⓑ of Jesus as the judge of the world, appointed by God: ὁ θεὸς … μέλλει κρίνειν τὴν οἰκουμένην ἐν ἀνδρὶ ᾧ ὥρισεν Ac 17:31 (cp. Oenomaus in Eus., PE 5, 19, 3 Minos is the ἀνήρ, ὸ̔ν ἀποδεικνύναι ἐμέλλετε κοινὸν ἀνθρώπων δικαστήν=whom you [Gods] intended to make the common judge of humanity).—On Jesus as θεῖος ἀνήρ figure, s. EKoskenniemi, Apollonius von Tyana in der neutestamentlichen Exegese ’94 (lit.).—MVock, Bedeutung u. Verwendung von ΑΝΗΡ u. ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ etc., diss. Freiburg 1928; HSeiler, Glotta 32, ’53, 225–36.—B. 81; 96. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv. -
8 δῆμος
A district, country, land,Βοιωτοὶ μάλα πίονα δ. ἔχοντες Il.5.710
;Λυκίης ἐν πίονι δ. 16.437
, cf. Od.13.322, etc.;'Ιθάκης ἐνὶ δ. 1.103
;δήμῳ ἔνι Τρώων 13.266
;λαοὶ ἀνὰ δῆμον 16.95
: metaph., δῆμος ὀνείρων the land of dreams, 24.12.2 the people, inhabitants of such a district,πόληΐ τε παντί τε δήμῳ Il.3.50
, cf. h.Cer. 271;Βακτρίων ἔρρει πανώλης δ. A.Pers. 732
.II hence (since the common people lived in the country, the chiefs in the city), the commons, common people, δήμου ἀνήρ, opp. βασιλεύς, ἔξοχος ἀνήρ, etc., Il.2.198, 188, cf. 11.328, Hes.Op. 261, Hdt.5.66, Act.Ap.12.22, etc. (rarely of a single person, δῆμον ἐόντα being a commoner, Il.12.213); opp. οἱ εὐδαίμονες, Hdt.1.196; opp. οἱ παχέες, Id.5.30; opp. οἱ δυνατοί, Th.5.4;οἱ.. ἐπαναστάντες τοῖς δυνατοῖς καὶ ὄντες δῆμος Id.8.73
; = Lat. plebs, D.H.6.88, etc.;τοῦ πολλοῦ δ. εἷς
unus de plebe,Luc.
Sat.2;τοῦ δ. ὤν Id.Gall.22
; in an army, rank and file, opp. officers,ὁ δ. τῶν στρατιωτῶν X.Cyr.6.1.14
.2 metaph.,δ. ἰχθύων Antiph. 206.7
;τυράννων Philostr.VS1.15.1
;πιθήκων Id.VA3.4
; ὀρνέων Alciphr.3.30.III in a political sense, the sovereign people, the free citizens, A.Th. 199, 1011, etc.;ὁ δ. ὁ Ἀθηναίων IG12.10.37
, etc.;προστάτης τοῦ δήμου Th.6.35
, etc.; personified, Ar.Eq.42, al.;ἱερεὺς τοῦ Δ. καὶ τῶν Χαρίτων IG22.1028
.2 popular government, democracy, opp. ὀλιγαρχίη, Hdt.3.82; opp. οἱ τύραννοι, And.1.106;πολίτεομα εἶναι ἐν Χίῳ δ. SIG283.4
(iv B. C.);δήμου κατάλυσις X.HG2.3.28
, Arist. Ath.8.4;ταῦτα καταλύει δῆμον, οὐ κωμῳδία Philippid.25.7
; δ. καταστῆσαι, καταπαύειν, X.HG7.3.3, Th.1.107: in pl., democracies, Id.3.82, D.20.15;δ. ὁ ἔσχατος Arist.Pol. 1277b3
.3 the popular assembly,λέγειν ἐν τῷ δ. Pl.R. 565b
; ἡ βουλὴ καὶ ὁ δ., formula in Inscrr., as IG12.39, etc.; of the assembly of Oxyrhynchus, POxy.41.19 (iii/iv A. D.), 1407.19 (iii A. D.).IV township, commune ( = [dialect] Dor. κώμη acc. to Arist.Po. 1448a37; butδιελόμενοι τὴν μὲν πόλιν κατὰ κώμας, τὴν δὲ χώραν κατὰ δήμους Isoc.7.46
, cf. Pl.Lg. 746d, and v. infr.), in Attica, Hdt.5.69, Arist.Ath.21.5, Str.9.1.16, IG12.76.9, al.; elsewh., ib.12(5).594 ([place name] Ceos), Phib.1.28.13 (iii A. D.), OGI49.14 ([place name] Ptolemais), etc.:—[dialect] Dor. [full] δᾶμος, Michel418.34 ([place name] Calymna), IG12(1).58.23 ([place name] Lindos): in indications of origin,Σωφάνης ἐκ δ. Δεκελεῆθεν Hdt.9.73
;δήμου Ἁλαιεύς Antiph.211
;τῶν δήμων Πιτθεύς Pl.Euthphr.2b
;τῶν δ. Θορίκιος D.39.30
, cf. Arist.Ath.21.4;ἐπιγράψαι τοὺς βουλευτὰς πατρόθεν καὶ τοῦ δ. IG22.223B4
: metaph.,οἱ τῆς θαλάσσης δ. Philostr. Gym. 44
.V name for a prostitute, Archil.184. -
9 τρέχω
τρέχω, Od.9.386, etc.: [tense] fut. θρέξομαι ([etym.] ἀπο-) Ar.Nu. 1005 (anap.), ([etym.] μετα-) Id. Pax 261, ([etym.] περῖ) Id.Ra. 193; θρέξω only in Lyc.108; butAἀπο-θρέξεις Pl.Com.232
: [tense] aor. 1 ἔθρεξα (v. infr.):—but the usual [tense] fut. and [tense] aor. come from the root δραμ-, viz. , X.An. 7.3.45, etc.; [dialect] Ion.δραμέομαι Hdt.8.102
; late ; butὑπερ-δραμῶ Philetaer.3
(dub. l.); δράμομαι in compd.ἀναδράμεται AP 9.575
(Phil.): [tense] aor. 2 ἔδρᾰμον (v. infr.): [tense] pf. δεδράμηκα [pron. full] [ᾰ] Philem. 38, Men.741, ([etym.] ἀνα-) Hdt.8.55, ([etym.] κατα-) X.HG4.7.6, ([etym.] περι-) Pl.Clit. 410a, ([etym.] συν-) D.17.9: [tense] plpf. ἐδεδραμήκεσαν ([etym.] κατ-) Th.8.92: poet. [tense] pf. δέδρομα ([etym.] ἀνα-, ἐπι-) Od.5.412, 20.357:—[voice] Pass., [tense] pf. δεδράμημαι ([etym.] ἐπι-) X.Oec.15.1.—The Verb is not common in Hom., who has [tense] pres. in Il.23.520, Od.9.386; in Il.18.599, 602, [dialect] Ion. Iterat. θρέξασκον ( ἔθρεξα was also old [dialect] Att., Epigr. ap. Plu.Arist.20, E.IA 1569 (s. v. l., ἔβρεξε Weil), ([etym.] περι-) Ar.Th. 657); but the common [tense] aor. was ἔδραμον, Il. 23.393, Od.23.207, al.—[dialect] Dor. [full] τράχω [pron. full] [ᾰ] Pi.P.8.32, Hsch., EM356.10: [tense] fut.θραξοῦμαι Hsch.
:—run, of men,ἰθὺς δράμε Od.23.207
, etc.;θρέξασκον ἐπισταμένοισι πόδεσσι Il.18.599
;τρέχει Ὅρκος ἅμα.. δίκῃσιν Hes. Op. 219
;ᾤχεο τρέχων Epich.37
, 110 ( τράχων cf. Ahrens);βαδίζειν καὶ τ. Pl.Grg. 468a
; τρέχων, opp. βάδην, X.Cyr.2.2.30;τ. χερσίν, οὐ ποδωκείᾳ σκελῶν A.Eu.37
: of horses, Il.23.393, 520: the part. is freq. added to another Verb, τί οὐ τρέχων σὺ τὰς τραπέζας ἐκφέρεις; why do you not run and carry out.. ? Pl.Com.69.2, cf. Pl.R. 327b; v. infr. 2.2 of things, move quickly,τὸ δὲ [τρύπανον] τ. ἐμμενὲς αἰεί Od.9.386
, cf. Il.14.413;ναῦς παρὰ γῆν ἔδραμεν Thgn.856
;πόλιν.. ἐξ οὐρίων δραμοῦσαν S.Aj. 1083
; τὸ δ' ἐν ποσὶ τράχον ἴτω let what is now before me go trippingly, Pi.P.8.32;ἐπὶ καρδίαν ἔδραμε.. σταγών A.Ag. 1121
(lyr.); having run its course,S.
Aj. 731; πυρετὸς.. ἥκει τρέχων has come quickly, Nicopho 12.3 οἱ τρέχοντες a constellation rising with Libra, Antiochus ap. Teucrum in Boll Sphaera 58.II c. acc. loci, run over,ῥόθια πεδία E.Hel. 1117
(lyr.);ὁ ἵππος τ. καὶ πρανῆ καὶ ὄρεια X.Eq. 8.1
:—in [dialect] Att. Prose θέω seems to be more freq. in the [tense] pres., and in some phrases used exclusively, e.g. θεῖν δρόμῳ, v. θέω (A) 11.1 and cf. Th.3.111, X.An.1.8.18.2 c. acc. cogn., δραμεῖν ἀγῶνα, βῆμα, δίαυλον, δρόμον, run a course, a heat, E.El. 883, 954, Alex.235, Men. 741, etc.; λαμπάδας, i. e. torch-races, IG22.1028.14: freq. metaph., ἀγῶνα δρ. run a risk, E.Alc. 489, cf. IA 1455;ἀγῶνα θανάσιμον δραμούμενον Id.Or. 878
; πολλοὺς ἀγῶνας δραμέονται περὶ σφέων αὐτῶν run for their life or safety, Hdt.8.102;κινδύνων τὸν μέγιστον τ. D.H.4.47
; τὸν ὑπὲρ ψυχῆς ἀγῶνα, κίνδυνον ὑπὲρ τῆς ψυχῆς τ., Id.7.48, 4.4;ἐσχάτην τρέχοντες ταύτην Plb.1.87.3
: sts. the acc. is omitted, περὶ ἑωυτοῦ τρέχων running for his life, Hdt.7.57; περὶ τῆςψυχῆς Id.9.37
;φόνου πέρι E.El. 1264
; περὶ νίκης f.l. in X.An.1.5.8 ( ἐπὶ νίκῃ Rehdantz); cf. θέω (A) 1.2,δρόμος 1.2
, κρέας fin.3 παρὰ ἓν πάλαισμα ἔδραμε νικᾶν he was within one fall or bout of carrying off the victory, Hdt.9.33; cf. παρά c. 111.5,τριάζω 1
. -
10 πάτρα
A fatherland, native land, Il. 12.243, 24.500, Pi.O. 12.16, A.Pr. 665, S.Ph. 222, IG42(1).244.8 (Epid., epigr., iii B.C.), etc., used in parody of Trag. by Ar.Ach. 147, Ra. 1427, Th. 136, Alex.193, Diph.73.9 :— πατρίς (q.v.) was the common prose form, but Hdt. uses πάτρη in 6.126, 128, πατρίς in 3.140, 8.61.II fatherhood, descent from a common father, ἀμφοτέροισιν όμὸν γένος ἠδ' ἴα π. Il.13.354 (nowh. else in this sense in Hom.) ; βασιλεὺς Ἰώνων ἀνὰ πάτρην by hereditary descent, IGRom.4.1730 (Samos, ii A.D.): hence,2 body of persons claiming descent from a common ancestor, house, clan,π. Μειδυλιδᾶν Pi.P.8.38
, cf. N.6.36, 8.46, IG5(2).495 ([place name] Megalopolis) ; also, of a union of families recognized by the state, ἰέναι αὐτοὺς καὶ ἐπὶ πάτρην ἣν ἂν πείθωσιν ib.12(8).267.10 ([place name] Thasos).III father's sister, aunt, IGRom.4.621 (Temenothyrae, iii A.D.):—in form [full] πατρεία, Keil-Premerstein Zweiter Bericht No. 138 (nr. Thyatira, ii A.D.) ; cf. πιάτρα, πινάτρα. -
11 ἀγοραῖος
A in, of, or belonging to the ἀγορά, Ζεὺς Ἀ. as guardian of popular assemblies, Hdt.5.46, A.Eu. 973 (lyr.), E.Heracl.70; Ἑρμῆς Ἀ. as patron of traffic, Ar.Eq. 297, cf. IPE12.128 ([place name] Olbia), IG12(8).67 ([place name] Thasos), Paus.1.15.1; Ἄρτεμις Ἀ. at Olympia, Id.5.15.4; Ἀθηνᾶ Ἀ. at Sparta, Id.3.11.9; generally,θεοὶ ἀ. A.Ag.90
.2 of things, τὰ ἀ. details of market-business, Pl.R. 425c.II frequenting the market,ὁ ἀ. ὄχλος X.HG6.2.23
;δήμου εἶδος Arist.Pol. 1291b19
, etc.; τὸ ἀ. πλῆθος.. τὸ περὶ τὰς πράσεις καὶ τὰς ὠνὰς καὶ τὰς ἐμπορίας καὶ καπηλείας διατρῖβον ib. 1291a4:— ἀγοραῖοι (with or without ἄνθρωποι), οἱ, those who frequented the ἀγορά, Hdt.1.93, 2.141; opp. ἔμποροι, X. Vect.3.13, but = traders (i.e. sutlers), Ael.Tact.2.2:—hence, the common sort, low fellows, Ar.Ra. 1015, Pl.Prt. 347c, Thphr.Char.6.2; of agitators, Act.Ap.17.5, Plu.Aem.38: [comp] Comp., the baser sort, Ptol. Euerg.1. Adv.-αίως, λέγειν D.H.Rh.10.11
.2 of things, vulgar, ;τοὺς νοῦς ἀ. ἧττον.. ποιῶ Id.Fr. 471
; ἀ. φιλία (opp. ἐλευθέριος) Arist.EN 1162b26; common,ἄρτοι Lync.
ap. Ath.3.109d.III generally, proper to the ἀγορά, skilled in, suited for forensic speaking, Plu.Per.11, al.:— ἀγοραος (sc. ἡμέρα) court-day, assize,τὰς ἀ. ποιεῖσθαι Str.13.4.12
; ἄγειν τὴν ἀ. Epist. Galb. ap. J.AJ14.10.21, cf.Act.Ap.19.38, IGRom.4.790. Adv. - ως in forensic style, Plu. CG4, Ant.24.2 ἀγοραῖος, ὁ, = tabellio, notary, Aristid.Or.50(26).94, Edict.Diocl.7.41, Gloss.; also, pleader, advocate, in pl., Philostr.VA 6.36.b ἀγοραῖος, ἡ, market-day, IGRom.4.1381 ([place name] Lydia). (The distn. ἀγόραιος vulgar, ἀγοραῖος public speaker, drawn by Ammon., etc., is prob. fictitious.)Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀγοραῖος
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12 κοινοποιέω
A make common property,τὰ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἔπαθλα Phld.Rh.1.217
S., cf. 2.256 S.;δόξαν Alex.Aphr.in Metaph.83.30
:—[voice] Med., regard as common, Inscr.Prien.113.27 (i B.C.), al.:—[voice] Pass., to be in common, S.E. P.3.173.2 generalize,λόγον Herm.in Phdr.p.128
A., Simp.in Ph. 1275.6; κ. τὴν δόξαν αὐτῶν τοῖς περὶ Δημόκριτον shows the common ground of their view and that of D., Id.in Cael.617.22:—[voice] Med., Alex. Aphr. in SE17.13.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κοινοποιέω
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13 δημοσιεύω
2 publish a book, J.Vit.65, Gal.14.62; κοινοῦν καὶ δ. τὴν χρείαν [λόγου] Plu.2.34c:—Pass, sayings that have become public property,Arist.
Rh. 1395a19.3 δ. τὴν τοῦ σώματος ὥραν prostitute it, D.H.1.84.4 [voice] Pass., to be manifested, displayed,- εύεται ἡ θερμότης τινός Steph.in Hp.1.186
D.5 [voice] Pass., to be produced as evidence, PLond.1.77.5 (vi A. D.), etc.II intr., to be in the public service, esp. of physicians in receipt of a salary from the state, Ar.Ach. 1030, Pl.Grg. 514d, POxy.40.9 (ii/iii A. D.); ([place name] Cos);δ. δωρεάν IG22.483.17
: generally, to be a public man, opp. ἰδιωτεύω, Pl.Grg. 515b, Ap. 32a; φροντίσι δ. devote oneself in every thought to the common good, Plu.2.823c; but ἐπὶ μισθῷ δ. to be a paid official, Id.Comp. Arist.Cat.6; also of things,ἐν βαλανείῳ δημοσιεύοντι Id.Phoc.4
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > δημοσιεύω
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14 ξυνός
A = κοινός, common, public, general,ξ. κακόν Il.16.262
;γαῖα δ' ἔτι ξ. πάντων 15.193
; ξ. Ἐνυάλιος, i.e. war hath an even hand, 18.309 ;ξ. ἀνθρώποις Ἄρης Archil.62
; also of Apollo and Dionysus, AP9.524.15,525.15 ;ξυναὶ γὰρ τότε δαῖτες ἔσαν ξυνοὶ δὲ θόωκοι Hes.Fr. 82
;ξ. δ' ἐσθλὸν τοῦτο πόληΐ τε παντί τε δήμῳ Tyrt.12.15
;ξ. Ἑλλήνων τε καὶ βαρβάρων λόγος Hdt.4.12
;ξ. πᾶσι ἀγαθόν Id.7.53
;ξ. δόρυ S. Aj. 180
(lyr.) ; τὸ ξ. state, government (cf. κοινός), SIG37 A 3 (Teos, v B.C.) ; for the common good,A.
Th.76 ; in common,Pi.
P.9.93 : dat. ξυνῇ as Adv., = κοινῇ, A.Supp. 367, A.R. 2.802, Call.Dian.36 : also neut. pl.,ξύν' ἀλέγειν Pi.I.8(7).51
; χάρις ξύν' ἀπόκειται cj. in S.OC 1752 (anap.): regul. Adv.ξυνῶς Epigr.Gr. 520.6
.—[dialect] Ep. ( κοινός first in Hes.), [dialect] Ion. (Heraclit.113, Hdt., v. supr.), and Lyr. ; twice in A. (trim.), twice in S.(lyr.) ; not in E. or [dialect] Att. Prose. -
15 δημοβόρον
δημοβόροςdevourer of the common stock: masc /fem acc sgδημοβόροςdevourer of the common stock: neut nom /voc /acc sg -
16 εκπατίων
ἐκπᾱτίων, ἐκπάτιοςout of the common path: fem gen plἐκπᾱτίων, ἐκπάτιοςout of the common path: masc /neut gen plἐκπατέωwithdraw from society: pres part act masc nom sg (doric) -
17 ἐκπατίων
ἐκπᾱτίων, ἐκπάτιοςout of the common path: fem gen plἐκπᾱτίων, ἐκπάτιοςout of the common path: masc /neut gen plἐκπατέωwithdraw from society: pres part act masc nom sg (doric) -
18 εκπατίως
ἐκπᾱτίως, ἐκπάτιοςout of the common path: adverbialἐκπᾱτίως, ἐκπάτιοςout of the common path: masc acc pl (doric) -
19 ἐκπατίως
ἐκπᾱτίως, ἐκπάτιοςout of the common path: adverbialἐκπᾱτίως, ἐκπάτιοςout of the common path: masc acc pl (doric) -
20 εκπάτιον
ἐκπά̱τιον, ἐκπάτιοςout of the common path: masc acc sgἐκπά̱τιον, ἐκπάτιοςout of the common path: neut nom /voc /acc sgἐκπατέωwithdraw from society: imperf ind act 3rd pl (doric)ἐκπατέωwithdraw from society: imperf ind act 1st sg (doric)
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